{ "query": "Please summarize the whole context. It is important that you include a summary for each file. All files should be included, so please make sure to go through the entire context", "namespace": "cf999393-d232-429c-81ab-248765768b77", "messages": [], "stream": false, "language_level": "", "chat_channel": "", "language": "German", "tone": "neutral", "writing_style": "standard", "model": "gemini-1.5-flash", "knowledgebase": "ki-dev-large", "seed": 0, "client_id": 0, "all_context": true, "follow_up_for": null, "knowledgebase_files_count": 0, "override_command": "", "disable_clarity_check": true, "custom_primer": "", "logging": true, "query_route": "" } INITIALIZATION Knowledgebase: ki-dev-large Base Query: Please summarize the whole context. It is important that you include a summary for each file. All files should be included, so please make sure to go through the entire context Model: gemini-1.5-flash **Elapsed Time: 0.00 seconds** ROUTING Query type: summary **Elapsed Time: 1.48 seconds** RAG PARAMETERS Max Context To Include: 120 Lowest Score to Consider: 0 ================================================== **Elapsed Time: 0.00 seconds** ================================================== VECTOR SEARCH ALGORITHM TO USE Use MMR search?: True Use Similarity search?: False ================================================== **Elapsed Time: 0.10 seconds** ================================================== VECTOR SEARCH DONE ================================================== **Elapsed Time: 3.32 seconds** ================================================== PRIMER Primer: You are Simon, a highly intelligent personal assistant in a system called KIOS. You are a chatbot that can read knowledgebases through the "CONTEXT" that is included in the user's chat message. In the "CONTEXT", prioritize information from data tagged "FEEDBACK:". Your role is to act as an expert at summarization and analysis. In your responses to enterprise users, prioritize clarity, trustworthiness, and appropriate formality. Be honest by admitting when a topic falls outside your scope of knowledge, and suggest alternative avenues for obtaining information when necessary. Make effective use of chat history to avoid redundancy and enhance response relevance, continuously adapting to integrate all necessary details in your interactions. Use as much tokens as possible to provide a detailed response. **Elapsed Time: 0.17 seconds** GEMINI ERROR -- FALLBACK TO GPT ================================================== FINAL QUERY Final Query: CONTEXT: ########## File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 15 Context: I'm unable to view or analyze images. Please provide the Markdown text and I will assist in correcting it. Image Analysis: The document provided is blank. There is no content to analyze in terms of images, text, diagrams, or any other visual elements. Please provide a document with content for a detailed analysis. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 5 Context: # Security Breaches and Misconfigurations ## 17. Equifax Data Breach (2017) One of the biggest hacks in history is the Equifax data breach that happened in 2017. Equifax, a credit reporting agency, had several security lapses that enabled attackers to access sensitive PII, like dates of birth, social security numbers, addresses, driver's license numbers, etc., of over 147 million customers. Attackers were able to evade hacking for 76 days before they were discovered. The company spent USD 1.4 billion in recovery after this data breach. Equifax used Apache Struts as a web framework, like many Fortune 100 companies, to build APIs and applications. An **XEE vulnerability** in the company's customer complaints web portal made the initial hack possible. The vulnerability in the framework was left unpatched by Equifax's internal failures. The attackers made their way through the portal into other servers owing to a lack of proper segmentation. And a flaw in the company’s API enabled attackers to access data and credentials without authenticating themselves. The attackers exploited and exfiltrated data to escape detection for months. The non-renewal of an encryption certificate for one of their internal security tools made this possible. It was not until 2019 that the certificate was renewed. ## Security Misconfigurations ## 18. Microsoft Teams Outage (2023) On June 28, 2023, a significant Microsoft Teams outage occurred due to increased traffic identified by Microsoft in early June. Worldwide users were affected from 1:00 AM to 12:15 PM UTC. The outage primarily impacted web access and new desktop client sign-ins, while existing and mobile clients remained unaffected. The root cause was an authentication error on Teams' back-end service configuration settings, causing operational failures. Regrettably, the service was mistakenly set to require authentication, causing denied configuration requests and vulnerability, hindering user access via specified channels. ## Vulnerable and Outdated Components ## 19. T-Mobile API Breach (2023) On January 19, 2023, T-Mobile revealed a security breach affecting around 37 million customers, with unauthorized access to a vulnerable API lasting over six weeks. The breach, starting on November 25th, 2022, exposed names, emails, phone numbers, and birthdates. With data such as account funds and service plans compromised, prepaid and subscription customers were specifically impacted. This incident underscores the importance of robust API discovery to prevent unauthorized access in a distributed ecosystem. ## 20. Colonial Pipeline Ransomware Attack (2021) Colonial Pipeline is an American fuel company that supplies fuel to a large section of the east coast of the U.S. During the Mother's Day weekend, attackers unleashed the DarkSide ransomware on the company's IT systems, taking advantage of the upcoming holiday. This ransomware brought the entire IT systems of the company to a grinding halt and led to the suspension of pipeline operations for a week. The attackers targeted the billing infrastructure while resuming spring updates went idle. However, the services could not be continued without being able to bill customers. The halting of the operations caused a fuel shortage along the east coast which caused people buying gasoline and rescheduling flights among airline consumers. Attackers had stolen 100GB of data in this recent major hack in history and demanded a ransom of 75 Bitcoins in exchange for the decryption tool. The company had to oblige and pay the ransom to resume operations. #################### File: 2022%20-%20IMDB%20top%20movies%20%28text%29.docx Page: 1 Context: 8. Tár 20222h 38mR 7.4 (97K)Rate 93Metascore Set in the international world of Western classical music, the film centers on Lydia Tár, widely considered one of the greatest living composer-conductors and the very first female director of a major German orchestra. DirectorTodd FieldStarsCate BlanchettNoémie MerlantNina Hoss -- ----Image alt text---->Steven Spielberg, Judd Hirsch, Paul Dano, Seth Rogen, Michelle Williams, Keeley Karsten, Tony Kushner, Birdie Borria, Alina Brace, Sophia Kopera, Mateo Zoryan, Gabriel LaBelle, Chloe East, and Julia Butters in The Fabelmans (2022)<----media/image9.jpeg---- 9. The Fabelmans #################### File: 2023%20-%20Box%20office%20hits.docx Page: 1 Context: Top of Form #################### File: docs-pinecone-io-reference-create_index-58440.txt Page: 1 Context: [Pinecone Docs home page](/) 2024-07 (latest) Search or ask... * [Sign up free](https://app.pinecone.io/?sessionType=signup) * [Status](https://status.pinecone.io) * [Support](https://support.pinecone.io) * [Log In](https://app.pinecone.io/?sessionType=login) * [Sign up free](https://app.pinecone.io/?sessionType=signup) Search Navigation [Home](/home)[Guides](/guides/get-started/quickstart)[Reference](/reference/api/introduction)[Examples](/examples/notebooks)[Models _New_](/models/overview)[Integrations](/integrations/overview)[Troubleshooting](/troubleshooting/contact-support)[Releases](/release-notes/2024) Pinecone Documentation What can we help you build? Start a chat with us… Choose a topic below or simply [get started](/guides/get-started/quickstart) [GuidesPractical guides and best practices to get you up and running quickly.](/guides)[ReferenceComprehensive details about the Pinecone APIs, SDKs, utilities, and architecture.](/reference)[ExamplesHands-on notebooks and sample apps with common AI patterns and tools.](/examples)[ModelsDetails and guidance on popular embedding and reranking models.](/models)[IntegrationsPinecone’s growing number of third-party integrations.](/integrations)[TroubleshootingResolve common Pinecone issues with our troubleshooting guide.](/troubleshooting/contact-support)[ReleasesNews about features and changes in Pinecone and related tools.](/release-notes) #################### File: 2023%20-%20Box%20office%20hits.docx Page: 3 Context: 26 | Napoleon | $221,394,838 | $61,524,375 | 27.8% | $159,870,463 | 72.2% | This document was truncated here because it was created in the Evaluation Mode. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 11 Context: I'm sorry, I can't assist with that. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 10 Context: # What's New in OWASP API Top 10: 2023: The Latest Changes and Enhancements The OWASP API Top 10 for 2023 has just a few changes from the 2020 API Top 10 list. Here is an updated OWASP API Top 10 for 2023 List. [Read More](#) --- # API/2.0 Security Misconfiguration: The What, Sample Exploits, and Prevention Methods Security misconfigurations are very common security risks that occur with applications built on APIs. They have been consistently part of the OWASP Top 10 Web Application Vulnerabilities. [OWASP API Top 10](#) [Read More](#) --- # API Security: Authorization, Rate Limiting, and Twelve Ways to Protect APIs 41% of organizations suffered an API security incident in the last year. Here are twelve methods that you can incorporate in order to secure and protect APIs. [API Security](#) [Read More](#) --- # Apptrana™ - Fully Managed SaaS-Based Web Application Security Solution Get free access to Integrated Application Scanner, Web Application Firewall, DDoS & Bot Mitigation, and CDN for 14 days. ## Get Started for Free [Get Started for Free](#) | [Request a Demo](#) --- ## Products - Application Security - Web Application Firewall - API Management - DDoS Protection - API Protection - Web Application Scanning - WAF as a Service - Secure Proxy - API Microservice Security - Application Discovery ## Compare - AWS Web Application Firewall - Azure Application Gateway - Imperva Application Security - Indusface WAF vs. Qualys WAF --- ## Website Security - Free Managed Security Check - Fully Managed WAF Security - Web Application & API Protection - [OWASP Top 10 Vulnerabilities](#) - Managed DDoS Protection - Penetration Testing - Most Secure Solutions - Marketing Management - API Managed Web Application Security - Zero Day Attacks --- ## Resources - Blog - Learning Center - Customer Speak - Guides - Product - Research Reports - Webinars - WAF: What is? Application Security - Case Studies - Downloads - Website Repository - Zero-Day Vulnerability Reports --- ## Company - About - Leadership - Customers - Compliance - Partners - News - Events - Careers - Contact Us --- ## Contact Us Phone: +1 365 123 0123 Fax: +1 555 123 4567 Email: [info@apptrana.com](mailto:info@apptrana.com) Follow us on: - [Facebook](#) - [Twitter](#) - [LinkedIn](#) - [Instagram](#) - [YouTube](#) Image Analysis: ## Analysis of the Visual Content ### 1. Localization and Attribution - **Image 1-3:** Top row showing three separate smaller images (promotional cards) side by side. - **Central Section:** Main banner featuring text and company branding. - **Footer Section:** Contains various text entries including lists and links. ### 2. Object Detection and Classification - **Image 1-3:** - Objects: Icons, text blocks, buttons. - Classification: Digital content, promotional materials. - **Central Section:** - Objects: Logo, text, buttons. - Classification: Marketing and branding material. - **Footer Section:** - Objects: Text blocks, social media icons. - Classification: Informational and navigational content. ### 4. Text Analysis - **Image 1:** - Text: "What's New in OWASP API Top 10 2023..." - Significance: Provides update information on API security. - **Image 2:** - Text: "API7:2019 Security Misconfiguration..." - Significance: Highlights security vulnerabilities and prevention. - **Image 3:** - Text: "API Security: Authorization, Rate Limiting..." - Significance: Discusses methods to protect APIs. - **Central Section:** - Text: "Fully Managed SaaS-Based Web Application Security Solution...", "Gartner..." - Significance: Promotes security solutions and showcases industry recognition. - **Footer Section:** - Text: Categories like "Products," "Website Security," etc. - Significance: Provides navigation and additional information. ### 5. Diagram and Chart Analysis - No diagrams or charts detected. ### 6. Product Analysis - **Central Section:** - Product: SaaS-based security solution. - Features: Integrated Application Scanner, Web Application Firewall, etc. - Colors: Dominantly green with white text for brand visibility. ### 8. Color Analysis - **Image 1-3:** Use of green, blue, and red with white backgrounds to highlight information. - **Central Section:** Predominantly green background enhancing readability of white text. - **Footer Section:** Consistent use of green aligning with brand colors. ### 9. Perspective and Composition - **Image 1-3:** Straightforward front view for easy readability. - **Central Section:** Centralized layout emphasizing the main product message. - **Footer Section:** Organized into columns for easy navigation and readability. ### 10. Contextual Significance - The images collectively push forward a message about security updates and solutions. - Emphasizes the company's expertise and offers concise navigation through product and service offerings. ### 11. Metadata Analysis - No metadata available for analysis. ### 13. Graph Numbers - No graphs are present in the visual content. ### Additional Aspects #### Prozessbeschreibungen (Process Descriptions) - Details about comprehensive security solutions, including software and methodical approaches, are described in the central section. #### Typen Bezeichnung (Type Designations) - Types like "Web Application Security" and "Security Misconfiguration" are specified to categorize concerns and solutions. This comprehensive examination captures the key elements, intentions, and context of each segment within the given visual content. #################### File: 10.03.24 Top Movies (text docs).txt Page: 1 Context: 10.03.24 Top Movies (text docs) #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 14 Context: I'm unable to view images directly. However, if you provide me with the text you'd like me to fix in Markdown format, I'll be happy to assist you with correcting any issues! Image Analysis: 1. **Localization and Attribution:** - Image 1: The image occupies the central position on an otherwise empty page. 2. **Object Detection and Classification:** - The objects detectable in the image consist of an umbrella, a stack of packages, a fan, a traffic cone, and an oscillating fan. These objects are classified into common household and industrial categories. - **Umbrella:** A conventional umbrella with a noticeable rounded canopy and a central shaft. - **Stack of Packages:** A collection of cardboard boxes, suggesting shipment or storage use. - **Fan and Oscillating Fan:** Common cooling devices, characterized by their grates and fan blades. - **Traffic Cone:** A standard orange and white cone used for road safety and guidelines. 3. **Scene and Activity Analysis:** - The scene appears static with objects placed in isolation without indications of ongoing activities. - No human actors are present, indicating a focus on the objects themselves. 4. **Text Analysis:** - **Umbrella Text:** "Raining Returns." This appears to be a slogan, indicating a thematic focus on returns facilitated under any conditions. - **Stack of Packages Text:** Not prominently visible. - **Traffic Cone and Oscillating Fan Text:** Absent from analysis. 8. **Color Analysis:** - The image displays a dominant white background, which enhances the visibility and emphasis on foreground objects. - The color scheme includes whites and greys, punctuated by more vibrant colors like the orange traffic cone, adding visual interest. 9. **Perspective and Composition:** - The image is captured from a straightforward, eye-level perspective. - Objects are evenly spaced and centrally arranged, contributing to a balanced composition. 10. **Contextual Significance:** - The image’s isolated objects might symbolize efficient operations or diverse services, possibly relating to a return policy or logistics. #################### File: 2022%20-%20IMDB%20top%20movies%20%28text%29.docx Page: 1 Context: -- ----Image alt text---->Jamie Lee Curtis, Michelle Yeoh, James Hong, Ke Huy Quan, and Stephanie Hsu in Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022)<----media/image1.jpeg---- 1. Everything Everywhere All at Once 20222h 19mR 7.8 (553K)Rate 81Metascore A middle-aged Chinese immigrant is swept up into an insane adventure in which she alone can save existence by exploring other universes and connecting with the lives she could have led. DirectorDaniel KwanDaniel ScheinertStarsMichelle YeohStephanie HsuJamie Lee Curtis -- ----Image alt text---->Tom Cruise in Top Gun: Maverick (2022)<----media/image2.jpeg---- 2. Top Gun: Maverick #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 11 Context: I'm unable to access or process images. If you provide the text you'd like formatted in Markdown, I'd be happy to help! #################### File: 2023%20-%20Box%20office%20hits.docx Page: 1 Context: 2023 Worldwide Box Office Top of Form ----media/image2.wmf----2023 Bottom of FormRankRelease GroupWorldwideDomestic%Foreign%| 1 | Barbie | $1,446,938,421 | $636,238,421 | 44% | $810,700,000 | 56% | | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | 2 | The Super Mario Bros. Movie | $1,361,992,475 | $574,934,330 | 42.2% | $787,058,145 | 57.8% | 3 | Oppenheimer | $975,579,184 | $329,862,540 | 33.8% | $645,716,644 | 66.2% | #################### File: 2022%20-%20IMDB%20top%20movies%20%28text%29.docx Page: 1 Context: 13. The Menu 20221h 47mR 7.2 (416K)Rate 71Metascore A young couple travels to a remote island to eat at an exclusive restaurant where the chef has prepared a lavish menu, with some shocking surprises. DirectorMark MylodStarsRalph FiennesAnya Taylor-JoyNicholas Hoult -- ----Image alt text---->Anamaria Vartolomei in Happening (2021)<----media/image14.jpeg---- 14. Happening 20211h 40mR 7.4 (12K)Rate 86Metascore An adaptation of Annie Ernaux's novel of the same name, looking back on her experience with abortion when it was still illegal in France in the 1960s. DirectorAudrey DiwanStarsAnamaria VartolomeiKacey Mottet KleinLuàna Bajrami -- ----Image alt text---->Renate Reinsve in The Worst Person in the World (2021)<----media/image15.jpeg---- 15. The Worst Person in the World #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 13 Context: I'm unable to assist with that. Image Analysis: 1. **Localization and Attribution:** - Image 1: Single image located centrally on the page. 2. **Object Detection and Classification:** - The image contains a flowchart with boxes and arrows, categorically classified as a process diagram. - Key features include rectangular boxes connected by directional arrows, suggesting a sequential flow of information or steps. 3. **Scene and Activity Analysis:** - The image depicts a process flow diagram. The activity involves the movement and transition of processes from one stage to another via arrows. 4. **Text Analysis:** - The text within the diagram includes process names such as "Start," "Decision," "Process," and "End." - The significance of this text is to label steps within the process flow, guiding the viewer through the sequential operations or decisions. 5. **Diagram and Chart Analysis:** - The diagram is a flowchart showing a linear sequence with decision points that may lead to different subsequent actions. - Arrows indicate the direction of flow, while shapes (like diamonds and rectangles) represent specific actions or decision points. 8. **Color Analysis:** - The color palette is predominantly monochrome, with black and white elements, focusing the viewer on the structural relationships rather than the aesthetic components. 9. **Perspective and Composition:** - The image employs a straight-on view. Compositionally, elements are symmetrically arranged to enhance clarity and readability, with each step clearly delineated. 10. **Contextual Significance:** - This flowchart likely contributes to illustrating an operational or decision-making process in a document discussing workflows or system designs. It serves as a visual aid to conceptualize procedures. 13. **Ablaufprozesse (Process Flows):** - The flowchart represents a sequence of operations, depicting both linear and conditional progressions, which can be crucial for understanding complex workflows or algorithm logic. 16. **Prozessbeschreibungen (Process Descriptions):** - Each box in the flowchart labels a process step or action, providing a clear, concise description of the process. This helps in defining and understanding the procedure's structure. This completes the detailed analysis based on the provided aspects. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 9 Context: # 35. SpamHaus (2013) A leading spam-filtering organization that helped filter 80% of all spam, SpamHaus, was faced with a highly damaging DDoS attack in 2013. The attackers orchestrated a DNS reflection attack at the rate of 140-300 Gbps and lasted for a week nearly, heavily impacting their email servers, website, DNS IPs, and offline services. Don’t become another statistic. The dreaded hack can happen to anyone, anywhere, anytime. When will the next "most notorious hack" happen? Probably sooner than you think. - Phishing schemes. - DDoS attacks. - Brute-force attacks. Don’t make an appearance in the next edition of hacker history. Be smart. Be proactive. Be safe and secure. ## RESEARCH REPORT [830 million attacks: Research into how hackers attack applications](#) --- **Share Article:** - [LinkedIn](#) - [Twitter](#) - [Facebook](#) Tags: DDoS, Attacks, DDoS Protection, Network Hacks, SQLi --- ## Join 51000+ Security Leaders Get weekly tips on blocking ransomware, DDoS and bot attacks and zero-day threats. **Email Address** *We're committed to your privacy. Insidecare uses the information you provide to us to contact you about our relevant content, products, and services. You may unsubscribe from these communications at any time. For more information, check out our Privacy Policy.* --- ## Related Posts Image Analysis: ## Image Analysis ### 1. Localization and Attribution - **Image 1**: The image contains text and a graphical element towards the top half of the page. ### 2. Object Detection and Classification - **Objects Detected**: - Text blocks - A graphical banner with a call-to-action button ### 4. Text Analysis - **Extracted Text**: - **Main Text**: - Describes a major DDoS attack on SpamHaus in 2013, providing details on the scale and impact. - Includes advisory text on how to avoid becoming a target of similar attacks, emphasizing the importance of proactive security measures. - **Advertisement/Call to Action**: - A highlighted report invitation: "830 million attacks: Research into how hackers attack applications." This section includes a "DOWNLOAD REPORT" button. ### 5. Diagram and Chart Analysis - **Research Report Section**: - Presented as a highlighted area with key figures and a downloadable report option, suggesting emphasis on data or trend analysis. ### 8. Color Analysis - **Dominant Colors**: - The banner uses vibrant greens and whites, drawing attention to the call-to-action and report details. - Dark blues and whites are used around the subscription area to create contrast and highlight the email subscription form. ### 9. Perspective and Composition - **Perspective**: - Eye-level view focusing on text readability and strategic highlighting of calls-to-action. - **Composition**: - The page is divided into sections with clear hierarchies: headline, body text, and distinct call-to-action areas, providing a clear path for readers’ attention. ### 10. Contextual Significance - **Contribution to Overall Message**: - The image seeks to inform readers about cybersecurity threats while promoting further engagement through downloading reports and subscribing to updates. ### 13. Graph Numbers - **Data Points**: - The report highlights "830 million attacks," focusing on a significant data point to stress the scale of cyber threats. ### Additional Aspects - **Ablaufprozesse (Process Flows)**: - The text describes the process of a DDoS attack and its mitigation strategies. - **Prozessbeschreibungen (Process Descriptions)**: - Emphasis is on avoiding attacks through proactive measures, indicating underlying security protocols and methodologies. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 7 Context: # Security Logging and Monitoring Failures ## 28. SolarWinds Supply Chain Attack (2020) SolarWinds is a network monitoring software that provides insights for various agencies, including several Fortune 500 companies and the Pentagon. The company faced a supply chain attack in 2020 that exposed over 50 million records. Russian hackers compromised and gained access to SolarWinds' production environment and introduced malicious code into Orion, a network monitoring product. They sent a tainted software update which made around 18,000 customers vulnerable. The update installed Trojan horses into client systems and created a backdoor called SUNBURST. Breaking the chain of trust, this supply chain attack wreaked havoc on an undisclosed number of individuals and companies in the software supply chain. The attackers gained access to SolarWinds' systems through a combination of tactics, including password guessing, spear-phishing, and exploiting a zero-day vulnerability in the Orion software. The attackers were able to evade detection for several months by exploiting insufficient logging and monitoring practices. ## 29. Microsoft Exchange Server Vulnerability (2021) In early 2021, Microsoft Exchange, an email and collaboration system used by many organizations, was targeted by a sophisticated hacking campaign. The attack was attributed to a state-sponsored group based in China. Microsoft has reported that attackers exploited four zero-day vulnerabilities to target organizations running Exchange Server products. One of the flaws, CVE-2021-26855, is a server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability that enables the server to run commands that should not have been allowed to execute. The attackers have also used CVE-2021-26858 and CVE-2021-27065, which are other flaws to gain access to the system account on the Exchange server. The attackers have deployed web shells on the compromised servers to steal data and perform malicious actions. The scope of the attack was significant, with tens of thousands of organizations reportedly affected worldwide. Microsoft issued emergency patches for the affected Exchange servers, but many organizations were slow to apply them, leaving their systems vulnerable to attack. The attack was highly sophisticated and well-coordinated, and it is believed to have been carried out to steal sensitive data for espionage purposes. ## 30. Capital One Breach (2019) The Capital One breach of 2019 exposed customers' sensitive personal, banking, and financial information, including Canadian social insurance and U.S. Social Security numbers, loan applications, credit scores, credit limits, account balances, etc. This hack affected 100 million U.S. and 6 million Canadian consumers, making it a major research breach in history. Image Analysis: 1. **Localization and Attribution:** - **Image 1**: Top section of the page featuring a graphic related to security logging and monitoring. 2. **Object Detection and Classification:** - **Image 1**: - **Objects**: A computer screen displaying a red alert with the text "ATTACK IN PROGRESS." - **Classification**: Cybersecurity alert graphic. - **Key Features**: Bright red color indicating urgency, stylized depiction of a computer and alert icons. 4. **Text Analysis:** - **Image 1**: The text on the screen read "ATTACK IN PROGRESS," which signifies a cybersecurity threat warning, highlighting the theme of security breaches. - **Text Content**: The paragraphs below detail several prominent cybersecurity incidents, emphasizing failures in security monitoring and logging: - **SolarWinds Supply Chain Attack (2020)**: Description of the software supply chain attack exposing over 50 million records. - **Microsoft Exchange Server Vulnerability (2021)**: State-sponsored attack leveraging zero-day vulnerabilities. - **Capital One Breach (2019)**: Exposure of personal information affecting over 100 million individuals. 9. **Perspective and Composition:** - **Image 1**: - **Perspective**: Frontal view of the graphic, centralizing focus on the alert. - **Composition**: Dominant red alert graphic centered, with supporting text blocks below, structured to guide the reader through different incidents. 10. **Contextual Significance:** - The image supports the document's emphasis on the importance of security logging and monitoring. The graphic symbolizes the urgent nature of cybersecurity threats, while the subsequent textual descriptions offer real-world examples, enhancing the understanding of security failures. 13. **Graph Numbers and Trend Analysis:** - **SolarWinds Supply Chain Attack**: Emphasizes scale (50 million records exposed) indicating widespread impact. - **Capital One Breach**: Highlights the large scale of affected individuals (over 100 million), marking a significant data breach. - **Ablaufprozesse (Process Flows):** - Described implicitly in the text through the stages of each cyber attack, from exploitation to breach. - **Prozessbeschreibungen (Process Descriptions):** - Detailed analysis of each security incident outlines steps taken by attackers and subsequent impacts. - **Trend and Interpretation:** - The trend across the descriptions is a growing sophistication and impact of cyber attacks, underscoring the need for robust security systems and monitoring. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 16 Context: I'm sorry, but I cannot assist with that. Image Analysis: I'm unable to analyze or conduct an examination of images. If you can provide descriptions or information from the visual content, I can help you with an analysis based on that. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 12 Context: I'm unable to see images, so I can't assist with that. Please provide the text you'd like me to correct. Image Analysis: It appears there is an issue with the uploaded file since it seems blank. Could you try uploading the image again or provide additional details? #################### File: 2022%20-%20IMDB%20top%20movies%20%28text%29.docx Page: 1 Context: 19. Nope 20222h 10mR 6.8 (283K)Rate 77Metascore The residents of a lonely gulch in inland California bear witness to an uncanny and chilling discovery. DirectorJordan PeeleStarsDaniel KaluuyaKeke PalmerBrandon Perea -- ----Image alt text---->Austin Butler in Elvis (2022)<----media/image20.jpeg---- 20. Elvis 20222h 39mPG-13 7.3 (242K)Rate 64Metascore The life of American music icon Elvis Presley, from his childhood to becoming a rock and movie star in the 1950s while maintaining a complex relationship with his manager, Colonel Tom Parker. DirectorBaz LuhrmannStarsTom HanksAustin ButlerOlivia DeJonge #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 15 Context: I'm unable to process images directly. Please provide the text you would like me to format in Markdown. Image Analysis: I'm unable to see or analyze images. Please provide a description or upload a different file for analysis. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 3 Context: # Data Breaches Overview ## 8. Twitter Breach (2022) The Twitter API faced a classic case of excessive data exposure in 2022 when attackers sold 5.4 million users' information on a hacking forum. In January 2023, attackers further scraped 400 million users' public and private data, selling it on the dark web. The excessive data exposure flaw enabled the attacker to check whether email ids and phone numbers were linked to Twitter accounts. This breach hit several users, including high-profile users like celebrities, politicians, and activists, exposed to social engineering, targeted phishing attacks, and identity theft, among others. ## 9. Exactis (2018) The Exactis data breach of 2018 is yet another significant hack in history. Exactis is a marketing and data aggregation company that stores customer data across various variables to target ads. It had stored nearly 2TB of customer data on a publicly accessible cloud server. This left data of 340 million customers, including 400 variables of personal characteristics, exposed to the public. ## 10. Facebook Data Breach (2019) The social media giant Facebook faced a massive data breach in 2019 that exposed over 533 million Facebook users' data. Sensitive personal information such as location, phone numbers, user IDs, account ranks, etc., were leaked and posted in a hacking forum. The exposed data was scraped from two datasets from third-party Facebook apps. The breach occurred because Facebook was storing user passwords in plain text, meaning the passwords were not encrypted. This made it easy for hackers to access user accounts by guessing or cracking passwords. ## 11. The Yahoo Hacks (2013 & 2014) Poor Yahoo. At one time, the king of search engines, it's fallen on hard times lately. People are abandoning it in droves for the likes of Google, Bing, and others. Its cause wasn't helped much when in 2016, it revealed major hacks that had occurred years before. Over one billion (yes, billion) Yahoo accounts were compromised in 2013, including names, D.O.B.s, security questions, contact details, and passwords. A further 500 million accounts were hacked in 2014. How many accounts overlap with the first hack is unknown, so the number of affected accounts is under debate. But it's a lot. It's the largest hack of a single entity in the history of the internet. That's not a great claim to fame for a company trying to woo users back to its fold. And although Yahoo's hack is much less relevant than it used to be, the tendency of people to reuse passwords and security questions has serious implications. If you had a Yahoo email account in 2009 but switched to Gmail with the same password, the hack means someone could access your current email account. Reports indicate that the encryption used to protect the data was outdated and could be broken with ease. ## Injection Attacks Image Analysis: 1. **Localization and Attribution:** - Image 1: Located at the top left corner of the page, showing an icon and text. 2. **Object Detection and Classification:** - **Image 1:** - Objects: Blue icon representing an API with a document and gear sign. - Key Features: Symbolic representation indicating data processing or access. 4. **Text Analysis:** - **Image 1:** - Text Detected: "GET /v1/users/{user_id}/SVN" - Analysis: This text appears to be a representation of an API endpoint, indicating the possible retrieval of user data. - Text in Document Body: - Descriptions of significant data breaches from the years 2018 to 2022, including the Twitter breach, Exactis breach, Facebook data breach, and Yahoo hacks. - Significance: The text provides information on various cybersecurity incidents, highlighting the vulnerabilities and impacts of data breaches over the years. 6. **Product Analysis:** - **Image 1:** The icon is simple, utilizing a blue color scheme often associated with technology or security, suggesting a focus on tech-related content. 8. **Color Analysis:** - **Image 1:** Dominant color is blue, conveying a sense of trust and reliability, typical in technological contexts. 9. **Perspective and Composition:** - **Image 1:** The icon is presented from a frontal view, providing a straightforward representation that complements the text content. 10. **Contextual Significance:** - The image of the API complements the text, emphasizing the theme of data breaches and the exposure of user information through technological systems. Overall, the image and text together provide a cohesive narrative about the vulnerabilities in data security and the consequences of cyber-attacks over recent years. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 8 Context: The attacker, a former software engineer at Amazon Web Services (AWS), orchestrated this attack and stole 80,000 bank account numbers and 140,000 US social security numbers, apart from exposing sensitive information. While working at the company, she built a tool to scan misconfigured AWS accounts. Using the tool, she could hack into and access more accounts, including those belonging to Capital One. The breach was made possible due to misconfigured firewalls used by Capital One. The company subsequently sued USD 80 million by the US Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) owing to the breach and paid USD 190 million in settling customer lawsuits. The former AWS employee was arrested and charged with the data breach that included using a server-side request forgery (SSRF) attack against the AWS infrastructure that stored Capital One's data. ## Lack of Resources & Rate Limiting ![Image of a hacker](url) ### 31. Bandwidth.com (2021) A DDoS attack targeted Bandwidth.com, causing a major disruption to their services and portals and resulted in a widespread outage of voice services for their customers. Although the issue was resolved, the incident highlighted the significant cost of such attacks in terms of financial losses and customer dissatisfaction. The attack is estimated to have reduced the company's CPA's revenue by $9 million to $12 million for FY21, with a $0.7 million impact in the third quarter; indirect costs, such as damage to the company's reputation and missed opportunities, also led to the overall impact. ### 32. GitHub (2018 and 2015) This is the biggest known DDoS attack of all time wherein the source-code management/web hosting platform was flooded with a massive influx of traffic at the rate of 1.3 TB/s (the highest-ever recorded), sending packets at a peak of 126.9 million per second. The attack was orchestrated using the main caching method (a database caching system) to improve website speed instead of botnets to spoof GitHub's IP addresses and amplify the requests sent to the platform. The attack lasted 10 minutes and the platform was unserviceable for 5 minutes, the attack would be during this timeframe only because the platform had DDoS protection in place; however, recovery took nearly 1 week. GitHub also faced a politically motivated DDoS attack in 2015 when browsers were visiting GitHub to get the search platform in China, were infected with JavaScript code, creating a botnet. The incident generated vast voluminous HTTP requests to the platform, causing downtime across the GitHub network. ### 33. Dyn (2016) Dyn, a major DNS provider, faced the second-largest DDoS attack. It directly disrupted the services of 80 of its clients (causing crashes and downtimes), including corporate heavyweights like Amazon, Netflix, Twitter, PayPal, Reddit, Spotify, for New, HBO, New York Times, Visa, etc. It was orchestrated using a massive botnet of 100,000 IoT devices (created by infecting vulnerable devices with malware called Mirai) to overwhelm the Dyn platform with traffic spikes at the rate of 1.2TBps, lasting nearly 1 day. As a result of this attack, the company lost around 1,400 domains and faced a total cost of USD 110 million. ### 34. BBC (2015) One of the world's largest news broadcasters, BBC, faced a series of DDoS attacks by the anti-Islamic State (IS) group, New World Hacking. Image Analysis: ## Analysis of Visual Content ### 1. Localization and Attribution - **Image 1**: There is a single image located at the top of the page beneath the text block. ### 2. Object Detection and Classification - **Image 1**: The image contains several objects: - A stylized representation of a clock. - A computer monitor with alert symbols. - Arrows suggesting data transfer. - **Classification**: The objects appear to be related to technology, particularly network or system monitoring. ### 3. Scene and Activity Analysis - **Image 1**: The scene depicts a conceptual illustration of data flow, possibly illustrating data breach or system overload issues. The clock and computer monitor with alert symbols convey a sense of urgency or failure. ### 4. Text Analysis - **Image 1**: The title "Lack of Resources & Rate Limiting" is shown. - **Significance**: This text indicates issues related to insufficient resources and limitations in managing data flows, possibly related to cybersecurity challenges. ### 6. Product Analysis - **Image 1**: The representation is abstract and does not depict a physical product but rather concepts like data transfer and monitoring. ### 8. Color Analysis - **Image 1**: The dominant colors include blue and red. Blue is typically associated with technology and reliability, while red may indicate alert or danger. ### 9. Perspective and Composition - **Image 1**: The image uses a straightforward, front-facing perspective for clarity in conveying its message. Arrows guide the viewer's eye through the visual narrative of data flow. ### 10. Contextual Significance - **Image 1**: The image complements the text discussing major DDoS attacks and issues of resource limitations, visually emphasizing the narrative of network vulnerabilities and failures. ### 12. Graph and Trend Analysis - The text provides insights into DDoS attacks on companies like Bandwidth.com, GitHub, Dyn, and BBC, highlighting trends such as the increasing scale and impact of these attacks over time. ### Additional Aspects - **Ablaufprozesse (Process Flows)**: - Not explicitly depicted, but the implied process flow is of data being transferred and facing obstacles like rate limiting. - **Prozessbeschreibungen (Process Descriptions)**: - Each attack summary in the text provides a description of how the DDoS attacks were executed and their outcomes. This thorough analysis covers both visual and textual elements, providing a comprehensive understanding of the image and text integration. #################### File: 2023%20-%20Box%20office%20hits.docx Page: 1 Context: 4 | Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3 | $845,555,777 | $358,995,815 | 42.5% | $486,559,962 | 57.5% | 5 | Fast X | $704,875,015 | $146,126,015 | 20.7% | $558,749,000 | 79.3% | 6 | Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse | $690,542,303 | $381,311,319 | 55.2% | $309,230,984 | 44.8% | 7 | Wonka | $634,402,312 | $218,402,312 | 34.4% | $416,000,000 | 65.6% | #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 13 Context: I'm unable to assist with that. Image Analysis: I'm unable to directly analyze images. However, I can guide you on how to examine an image based on the provided aspects. Here's a structured approach you might take: 1. **Localization and Attribution:** - **Image Position:** First, identify and number each image according to its position on the page. 2. **Object Detection and Classification:** - **Objects Identified:** List out all visible objects in each image. - **Key Features:** Describe notable characteristics of these objects, like size, shape, and function. 3. **Scene and Activity Analysis:** - **Scene Description:** Provide an overview of what's happening in each image. - **Main Actors and Actions:** Identify the primary figures involved and their actions. 4. **Text Analysis:** - **Text Extraction:** Note any visible text within the images. - **Content Significance:** Explain what the text contributes to the image context. 5. **Diagram and Chart Analysis:** - **Data and Trends:** Describe any visual data representations and key trends. - **Axes and Legends:** Explain the chart elements like axes, scales, and meanings. 10. **Contextual Significance:** - **Overall Context:** Discuss how the image fits into the larger context of the document or webpage content. 13. **Graph Numbers:** - **Data Points:** List specific data points if any graphs are present. --- For a detailed examination, refer to the image itself or share specifics, and apply this guide to carry out a comprehensive analysis. #################### File: 2022%20-%20IMDB%20top%20movies%20%28text%29.docx Page: 1 Context: 9. The Fabelmans 20222h 31mPG-13 7.5 (121K)Rate 85Metascore Growing up in post-World War II era Arizona, young Sammy Fabelman aspires to become a filmmaker as he reaches adolescence, but soon discovers a shattering family secret and explores how the power of films can help him see the truth. DirectorSteven SpielbergStarsMichelle WilliamsGabriel LaBellePaul Dano -- ----Image alt text---->Zoe Saldana, Sam Worthington, Bailey Bass, and Jamie Flatters in Avatar: The Way of Water (2022)<----media/image10.jpeg---- 10. Avatar: The Way of Water 20223h 12mPG-13 7.5 (511K)Rate 67Metascore Jake Sully lives with his newfound family formed on the extrasolar moon Pandora. Once a familiar threat returns to finish what was previously started, Jake must work with Neytiri and the army of the Na'vi race to protect their home. DirectorJames CameronStarsSam WorthingtonZoe SaldanaSigourney Weaver -- ----Image alt text---->Felix Kammerer in All Quiet on the Western Front (2022)<----media/image11.jpeg---- #################### File: 2022%20-%20IMDB%20top%20movies%20%28text%29.docx Page: 1 Context: 4. The Batman 20222h 56mPG-13 7.8 (817K)Rate 72Metascore When a sadistic serial killer begins murdering key political figures in Gotham, The Batman is forced to investigate the city's hidden corruption and question his family's involvement. DirectorMatt ReevesStarsRobert PattinsonZoë KravitzJeffrey Wright -- ----Image alt text---->Colin Farrell and Brendan Gleeson in The Banshees of Inisherin (2022)<----media/image5.jpeg---- 5. The Banshees of Inisherin 20221h 54mR 7.7 (264K)Rate 87Metascore Two lifelong friends find themselves at an impasse when one abruptly ends their relationship, with alarming consequences for both of them. DirectorMartin McDonaghStarsColin FarrellBrendan GleesonKerry Condon -- ----Image alt text---->Frankie Corio and Paul Mescal in Aftersun (2022)<----media/image6.jpeg---- 6. Aftersun #################### File: 2022%20-%20IMDB%20top%20movies%20%28text%29.docx Page: 1 Context: 17. Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio 20221h 57mPG 7.6 (116K)Rate 79Metascore A father's wish magically brings a wooden boy to life in Italy, giving him a chance to care for the child. DirectorGuillermo del ToroMark GustafsonStarsEwan McGregorDavid BradleyGregory Mann -- ----Image alt text---->The Lost Leonardo (2021)<----media/image18.jpeg---- 18. The Lost Leonardo 20211h 36mPG-13 7.5 (2.9K)Rate 79Metascore The mystery surrounding the Salvator Mundi, the first painting by Leonardo da Vinci to be discovered for more than a century, which has now seemingly gone missing. DirectorAndreas KoefoedStarsMohammad Bin SalmanMartin KempAlexandra Bregman -- ----Image alt text---->Nope (2022)<----media/image19.jpeg---- 19. Nope #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 4 Context: # 12. CL0P Gang Exploits Zero-Day in MOVEit Transfer App (2023) In a significant cyberattack, the CL0P hacking group targeted Progress Software's MOVEit Transfer app with a zero-day SQL injection vulnerability on May 27. Over 10,000 organizations and 60 million individuals worldwide were impacted, including high-profile victims like British Airways and the BBC. Progress Software addressed this issue (CVE-2023-34326) on May 31, but reports of data breaches continued. CL0P flagged the vulnerability, emphasizing the potential for extensive storage data exposure and future extortion threats. Explore the AppTrana's threat coverage for [MOVEit Transfer SQL vulnerabilities](https://www.example.com). # 13. Asia Pacific Websites Hit by GambleForce (2023) A cybersecurity company called GroupIB has identified a new threat actor named GambleForce. This group has been active since September 2023; it has targeted over 20 websites related to gambling, government, retail, and travel websites in Australia, China, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, South Korea, Thailand, and Brazil. GambleForce uses basic but effective techniques like SQL injections and exploiting vulnerable website systems to steal vital information, including user credentials. Check out the detailed blog on how to stop [SQL injection attacks](https://www.example.com). Between September and December 2023, they successfully attacked 42 organizations in different countries, compromising six websites in Australia (Tavel), Indonesia (travel and retail), the Philippines (government), and South Korea (gambling). # 14. Kaseya Ransomware Attack (2021) Kaseya is an IT solutions provider for MSP and enterprise clients. The company was a victim of a ransomware attack during the American Independence Day weekend in 2021. The REvil group, known for their ransomware attacks, claimed responsibility for this attack, impacting over 1,500 of Kaseya's clients. Attackers exploited unpatched SQL vulnerabilities in the company's VSA servers to carry out this attack. This may not be the biggest attack in terms of scale, but it has been a notorious hit in the recent past. # 15. WooCommerce Leak (2021) WooCommerce offers a popular eCommerce plugin for WordPress CMS. In 2021, it was found that several of its plugins, features, and software versions were vulnerable to SQL injection, and several attacks occurred as a result. Unpatched flaws in the plugin exposed data on 5 million websites to theft. # 16. The Heartland Payment Systems Hack (2008) The card and payment processor is one of the world's largest, processing about 100 million monthly transactions for Visa, MasterCard, American Express, and Discover. Its system was compromised in 2008, and an estimated 130 million customer accounts were exposed, making it one of the largest credit card hacks in history. An SQL injection attack targeted Heartland's computer. The attack manipulated the code of a web script, granting the attackers access to a web log page. Albert Gonzalez and two Russian hackers placed sniffer programs within the Heartland systems. Their sniffers intercepted credit card credentials in real time and relayed the data back to them. The sniffers remained undetected for six months. Gonzalez was already in police custody for two other hacks (Dave & Buster's and TJX) when the sniffer programs were discovered, and the Heartland investigation began. He was found guilty in 2010 and sentenced to an unprecedented 20 years in prison. Image Analysis: **Localization and Attribution:** - **Image 1:** Located at the top left of the page. **Object Detection and Classification:** - **Image 1:** - **Objects Detected:** Computer, shield icon, blue arrows. - **Classification:** Illustration of cybersecurity. **Scene and Activity Analysis:** - **Image 1:** - **Scene Description:** A digital illustration emphasizing the concept of data protection and cybersecurity. The computer likely symbolizes data storage, with the shield depicting security, and arrows suggesting protection measures. **Text Analysis:** - **Content Insights:** - **Cl0p Gang Exploits Zero-Day in MOVEit Transfer App (2023):** A detailed account of a cybersecurity breach involving the Cl0p gang exploiting a vulnerability in MOVEit Transfer, affecting major organizations globally. - **Asia Pacific Websites Hit by GambleForce (2023):** Discussion on the threat posed by the GambleForce gang targeting various sectors across Asia, emphasizing their SQL injection techniques. - **Kaseya Ransomware Attack (2021):** Description of the attack on Kaseya by the REvil group, highlighting the use of SQL vulnerabilities. - **WooCommerce Leak (2021):** Outlines the vulnerabilities found in WooCommerce sites due to improper SQL handling. - **The Heartland Payment Systems Hack (2008):** A historical overview of a major credit card data breach due to SQL injection targeting Heartland Payment Systems. **Diagram and Chart Analysis:** - No diagrams or charts detected. **Anomaly Detection:** - No anomalies detected. **Color Analysis:** - **Image 1:** - **Dominant Colors:** Blue and gray. - **Impact:** The use of blue signifies trust and security, often associated with cybersecurity themes. **Perspective and Composition:** - **Image 1:** - **Perspective:** Straight-on view. - **Composition:** Central focus on the computer and shield, with arrows providing a sense of directionality. **Contextual Significance:** - The images and text collectively underscore the theme of cybersecurity, highlighting real-world instances of cyber threats and data breaches. This is likely intended to educate and inform readers about the importance of digital security measures. **Trend and Interpretation:** - An increasing trend in cyber threats targeting various industries using sophisticated techniques like SQL injection is evident. The document underscores the persistent vulnerability of digital systems and the need for robust cybersecurity measures. **Tables:** - No tables detected. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 16 Context: I'm unable to view images directly, so I cannot assist with the content you're referencing. Please provide the text in Markdown format that you would like me to fix, and I will be happy to help! Image Analysis: I'm unable to view or analyze the content of the image. Please describe the image or provide specific details for analysis. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 16 Context: I'm unable to view images. Please provide the text you'd like me to help format in Markdown, and I'll assist you with that! Image Analysis: The image appears to contain a process flow diagram. Here's an analysis based on the indicated aspects: 1. **Localization and Attribution:** - **Image Position:** Single image centered on the page. 2. **Object Detection and Classification:** - **Identified Objects:** Various shapes typically used in process flowcharts such as rectangles and arrows. - **Classification:** Represents different steps or processes, with arrows indicating the flow direction. 3. **Scene and Activity Analysis:** - **Description:** The diagram represents a process flow, outlining sequential steps or activities. - **Main Actors and Actions:** Not depicted as human actors but rather process steps interacting with each other. 4. **Diagram and Chart Analysis:** - **Data and Trends:** Illustrates a linear or branching sequence of activities or decisions. - **Axes and Scales:** Not applicable in a process diagram. - **Key Insights:** Provides a visual representation of a process, likely intended to clarify the sequence and decision points. 5. **Ablaufprozesse (Process Flows):** - **Description:** The flowchart likely depicts a sequence of actions or decisions, providing a structured outline of a process. 6. **Prozessbeschreibungen (Process Descriptions):** - **Description:** Each rectangle may represent a specific task or operation, sequentially linked via arrows to guide the viewer through the process. 7. **Typen Bezeichnung (Type Designations):** - **Description:** Different shapes could represent varying types of process steps, such as actions (rectangles) and decisions (diamonds). 8. **Trend and Interpretation:** - **Trends:** The diagram suggests a systematic approach, possibly illustrating a standard work process or protocol. - **Interpretation:** The structured nature aids in understanding and communicating how the process is intended to be executed. 9. **Perspective and Composition:** - **Perspective:** Straight-on view, common for diagrams, ensuring clarity and readability. - **Composition:** Logical arrangement of diagram elements is essential for visual flow and understanding. This analysis covers the primary aspects of the diagrammatic content, focusing on structure and purpose within the visual depiction. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 1 Context: # 35 Most Notorious Hacks in History that Fall Under OWASP Top 10 **December 22, 2023** *Vankatesh Sundar* *17 min Read* Hacks and data leaks have affected many major players in recent years, including AT&T (Vendor's 9 Million accounts), T-Mobile (37 Million accounts), JD Sports (10 Million), Newegg (2.2 Million), Dropbox (nearly 69 million accounts), Flagstar Bank (1.5 Million) and eBay (145 million). Those were bad. But not the worst. What are the most notorious hacks in history? They're subject to debate, but these 27 attacks categorized under [OWASP Top 10](https://owasp.org/www-project-top-ten/) will be strong candidates for the title. ## Broken Access Control ### 1. MGM Resort Breach (2023) MGM Resorts International suffered a breach orchestrated by the hacking group Scattered Spider, leading to a system outage for the $14 billion gaming giant. Researchers have connected ALPHV/BlackCat/Scattered Spider ransomware groups to attacks on MGM, with ALPHV/Blackcat openly claiming responsibility. The group, boasting persistency in the network with super administrator privileges, deployed ransomware after locking out MGM's network, indicating extensive visibility with impaired backdoors. Scattered Spider claimed to have authenticated data, threatening to expose any PII found unless a significant ransom was paid. ### 2. First American Financial Corp Data Leak (2019) The US-based mortgage settlement and real estate financial services company First American Financial Corp faced one of the biggest hacks in history in 2019. An employee, Ben Shoval, a real estate developer, had found that approximately 885 million files containing sensitive customer data from 2003 onwards were freely available. He notified the company about the issue. This leak was a result of a human error. In January of that year, the internal team discovered an insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) flaw during a manual pen test. This flaw allowed users to access private information using a simple URL and sequentially changing its numbers, and without proper authentication, any user could access any information freely. ### 3. Quora Data Breach (2018) 100 million (50% of the user base) of Quora users' data were exposed in one of the biggest hacker attacks in 2018. This occurred because malicious third parties gained unauthorized access to its internal systems. The breach was discovered on November 30, 2018, and Quora publicly announced the incident on December 3, 2018. Quora officials have acknowledged the discovery of unauthorized access, and their CEO, Adam D’Angelo, has declared that they have determined the root cause and implemented corrective actions. According to Quora, the information that was compromised included: - Account information, such as usernames and email addresses Image Analysis: **Localization and Attribution:** - **Image 1:** Located in the middle of the page, beneath the title "Broken Access Control." **Object Detection and Classification:** - **Image 1:** - **Objects:** - Circular diagram with arrows and icons. - Elements represent user, network, and control points. - **Classification:** - Diagram illustrating access control concepts. **Scene and Activity Analysis:** - **Image 1:** - The image depicts an abstract representation of "Broken Access Control" using a flowchart-style diagram. No specific activities are taking place, but it symbolizes the movement and interaction within a network system. **Text Analysis:** - **Detected Text:** - "Broken Access Control" - **Significance:** - Highlights the category of security breaches being discussed in the article, focusing on access-related vulnerabilities. **Contextual Significance:** - **Image 1:** - The image visually reinforces the theme of the section on "Broken Access Control," enhancing the reader's understanding of the security breach context described in the text. **Color Analysis:** - **Image 1:** - Dominant colors include blue, red, and white. - The use of blue signifies technology and security, while red highlights areas of vulnerability or risk. **Perspective and Composition:** - **Image 1:** - The diagram is presented in a flat, straightforward perspective. - Elements are arranged in a circular pattern, guiding the viewer’s eye through the flow of the diagram. **Prozessbeschreibungen (Process Descriptions):** - The text describes hacking incidents, providing detailed explanations of breaches at MGM Resort, First American Financial Corp, and Quora. Each description outlines the nature of the breach, the data involved, and the responses taken by companies. #################### File: 2023%20-%20Box%20office%20hits.docx Page: 2 Context: 19 | Five Nights at Freddy's | $291,493,620 | $137,275,620 | 47.1% | $154,218,000 | 52.9% | #################### File: 2023%20-%20Box%20office%20hits.docx Page: 3 Context: Evaluation Only. Created with Aspose.Words. Copyright 2003-2024 Aspose Pty Ltd.| 20 | Creed III | $276,148,615 | $156,248,615 | 56.6% | $119,900,000 | 43.4% | | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | 21 | The Flash | $271,433,313 | $108,133,313 | 39.8% | $163,300,000 | 60.2% | 22 | The Nun II | $269,667,073 | $86,267,073 | 32% | $183,400,000 | 68% | 23 | Taylor Swift: The Eras Tour | $261,656,269 | $180,756,269 | 69.1% | $80,900,000 | 30.9% | 24 | Wish | $254,997,360 | $63,973,821 | 25.1% | $191,023,539 | 74.9% | 25 | Sound of Freedom | $250,570,396 | $184,178,046 | 73.5% | $66,392,350 | 26.5% | #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 14 Context: I'm unable to assist with that. Image Analysis: I'm unable to view or analyze the image you attached. Please provide a description or more details, and I'll be glad to help with the analysis! #################### File: 2022%20-%20IMDB%20top%20movies%20%28text%29.docx Page: 1 Context: 11. All Quiet on the Western Front 20222h 28mR 7.8 (256K)Rate 76Metascore A young German soldier's terrifying experiences and distress on the western front during World War I. DirectorEdward BergerStarsFelix KammererAlbrecht SchuchAaron Hilmer -- ----Image alt text---->Park Hae-il and Tang Wei in Decision to Leave (2022)<----media/image12.jpeg---- 12. Decision to Leave 20222h 19mNot Rated 7.3 (58K)Rate 85Metascore A detective investigating a man's death in the mountains meets the dead man's mysterious wife in the course of his dogged sleuthing. DirectorPark Chan-wookStarsPark Hae-ilTang WeiLee Jung-hyun -- ----Image alt text---->Ralph Fiennes, John Leguizamo, Janet McTeer, Paul Adelstein, Reed Birney, Nicholas Hoult, Judith Light, Jay Shadix, Peter Grosz, Hong Chau, Rob Yang, Aimee Carrero, Arturo Castro, Mark St. Cyr, and Anya Taylor-Joy in The Menu (2022)<----media/image13.jpeg---- 13. The Menu #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 15 Context: I'm unable to view images directly. However, if you provide the text you need help with in Markdown format, I can assist in checking for and correcting any formatting issues. Image Analysis: I'm sorry, there doesn't appear to be any visual content in the attachment to analyze. Could you try uploading the image again? #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 16 Context: I'm unable to view images or process them directly. However, if you could provide the text you'd like formatted in Markdown and any specific sections or structure you'd like to maintain, I'll be glad to assist you with that. Please paste the text here for me to work on. Image Analysis: I'm unable to view or analyze the image you’ve attached. Could you please describe its content or share specific information you need help with? #################### File: 2022%20-%20IMDB%20top%20movies%20%28text%29.docx Page: 1 Context: 6. Aftersun 20221h 42mR 7.6 (102K)Rate 95Metascore Sophie reflects on the shared joy and private melancholy of a holiday she took with her father twenty years earlier. Memories real and imagined fill the gaps between as she tries to reconcile the father she knew with the man she didn't... DirectorCharlotte WellsStarsPaul MescalFrankie CorioCelia Rowlson-Hall -- ----Image alt text---->Edward Norton, Kate Hudson, Daniel Craig, Kathryn Hahn, Dave Bautista, Leslie Odom Jr., Janelle Monáe, Madelyn Cline, and Jessica Henwick in Glass Onion (2022)<----media/image7.jpeg---- 7. Glass Onion 20222h 19mPG-13 7.1 (456K)Rate 81Metascore Tech billionaire Miles Bron invites his friends for a getaway on his private Greek island. When someone turns up dead, Detective Benoit Blanc is put on the case. DirectorRian JohnsonStarsDaniel CraigEdward NortonKate Hudson -- ----Image alt text---->Cate Blanchett in Tár (2022)<----media/image8.jpeg---- 8. Tár #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 12 Context: I'm unable to view images. Please provide the text you would like formatted in Markdown, and I can help you with that! Image Analysis: It seems there is an issue with the provided visual content, as it appears to be blank or not visible. Please try uploading the image again, and I'll be happy to assist with the analysis based on the specified aspects. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 2 Context: # Cryptographic Failures / Sensitive Data Exposure ## 1. Quora Data Breach (2018) In 2018, Quora acknowledged a data breach that exposed the personal information of approximately 100 million users, including: - Encrypted passwords - Data imported from linked networks, such as Facebook and Twitter Quora said it had taken immediate action to investigate the incident and notified law enforcement authorities. The company also stated that it had reset the passwords of affected users and had logged them out of their accounts. The Quora data breach highlights the importance of strong password hygiene and the need for users to use unique passwords for each online account. It also underscores the need for companies to implement robust security measures to protect their users' personal information. ## 2. Cambridge Analytica Scandal (2018) In 2018, it was discovered that political consulting firm Cambridge Analytica had obtained access to the personal information of millions of Facebook users without their consent. This was made possible by a broken access control vulnerability in Facebook's application programming interface (API) that allowed third-party developers to access user data. The scandal brought to light the issue of data privacy and the need for stricter access control measures to protect user data. Facebook faced widespread criticism for its role in the breach and was fined $5 billion by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission for violating user privacy. ## 3. Marriott International (2018) One of the largest hacks in history was the Marriott International data breach in 2018 that exposed 500 million guest records, including passport details, credit cards, arrival-departure dates, PINs, etc. Attackers accessed Marriott's guest data through small spoofing to spread malware into the vulnerable guest reservation system using legacy IT infrastructure. Britain's Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) fined the company £18.4 million for GDPR violations. Marriott discovered they had been hacked after a security tool flagged an unusual database query. Despite the query with administrator privileges, an investigation showed that the assigned account owner did not make it, indicating that someone else had taken control of the account. ## 4. The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Data Breach (2014) In 2014, UCLA suffered a data breach that exposed the personal information of approximately 4.5 million individuals. The breach was caused by a vulnerability in a database that allowed the attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data. The data compromised in the breach included names, Social Security numbers, dates of birth, addresses, and medical information of patients and staff associated with the university's health system. ### The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Data Breach (2014) Following the detection of anomalous behavior on one of its computer servers in October, Akinola Atkinson, interim president of the UCLA Hospital System, shared that UCLA Health launched an inquiry with the assistance of the FBI. It was determined that hackers infiltrated the hospital's computer network combining patient information. The unauthorized access could have commenced as early as September 2014, with some patient data dating back to 1990. The data compromised in the breach included names, Social Security numbers, dates of birth, addresses, and medical information of patients and staff associated with the university's health system. ## 5. Target Data Breach (2013) Target suffered a data breach that exposed the credit and debit card information of approximately 40 million customers. The breach was caused by a misconfigured network segment allowing the attacker to access Target's payment system. The security configuration that allowed the breach to occur was related to the access controls and security protocols used in Target's payment processing system. The system was designed to segregate the network traffic of different departments and systems within Target, but this segregation was not properly implemented. As a result, the hackers could access the payment processing system through a vendor portal that had access to the system but was not properly secured. The significant security breach at Target was a result of multiple factors, such as the absence of adequate system protection, making them susceptible to phishing attacks. In addition, prior warnings were not taken seriously. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 3 Context: # Data Breaches Overview ## 8. Twitter Breach (2022) The Twitter API faced a classic case of excessive data exposure in 2022 when attackers sold 5.4 million users' information on a hacking forum. In January 2023, attackers further scraped 400 million users' public and private data, selling it on the dark web. The excessive data exposure flaw enabled the attacker to check whether email ids and phone numbers were linked to Twitter accounts. This breach hit several users, including high-profile users like celebrities, politicians, and activists, exposed to social engineering, targeted phishing attacks, and identity theft, among others. ## 9. Exactis (2018) The Exactis data breach of 2018 is yet another biggest hack in history. Exactis is a marketing and data aggregation company that stores customer data across various variables to target ads. It had stored nearly 2 terabytes (2TB) of customer data on a publicly accessible cloud server. The list had data of 340 million customers, including 400 variables of personal characteristics, exposed to the public. ## 10. Facebook Data Breach (2019) The social media giant Facebook faced a massive data breach in 2019 that exposed over 533 million Facebook users' data. Sensitive personal information such as location, phone numbers, user IDs, account ranks, sex, date of birth, and more were exposed in hacking forums. The exposed data was scraped from two databases from third-party Facebook apps. The breach occurred because Facebook was storing user passwords in plain text, meaning the passwords were not encrypted. This made it easy for hackers to access user accounts by guessing or cracking passwords. ## 11. The Yahoo Hacks (2013 & 2014) Poor Yahoo. At one time, the king of search engines, it’s fallen on hard times lately. People are abandoning it in droves for the likes of Google, Bing, and others. Its cause wasn't helped much when, in 2016, it revealed major hacks that had occurred years before. Over one billion (yes, billion) Yahoo accounts were compromised in 2013, including names, D.O.Bs, security questions, contact details, and passwords. A further 500 million accounts were hacked in 2014. How many accounts overlap with the first hack is unknown, so the number of affected accounts is under. But it's a lot. It's the largest hack of a single entity in the history of the internet. That’s not a great claim to fame for a company trying to woo users back to its fold. And although Yahoo's hack is much less relevant than it used to be, the tendency of people to reuse passwords and security questions has serious implications. If you had a Yahoo email account in 2009 but switched to Gmail with the same password, the hack means someone could access your current email account. Reports indicate that the encryption used to protect the data was outdated and could be broken with ease. ## Injection Attacks (Additional information on injection attacks can be added here, depending on the context needed.) Image Analysis: **1. Localization and Attribution:** - **Image 1:** Positioned at the top of the page. **2. Object Detection and Classification:** - **Image 1:** - **Objects Detected:** An icon, which seems to be related to an API or internet service. - **Classification:** Technology-related icon or graphic. **4. Text Analysis:** - **Image 1 Text Extracted:** - “GET/v1/users/:userid/SPN” and “API” - **Analysis:** This text appears to signify an endpoint of an API, indicating a potential vulnerability point where hackers could exploit user data. **8. Color Analysis:** - **Image 1:** - Dominant colors include shades of blue, which convey a sense of professionalism and trust commonly associated with technology and internet services. **9. Perspective and Composition:** - **Image 1:** - The image is a straightforward presentation of a graphic and text, arranged to immediately catch the viewer’s attention on the technological aspect. **10. Contextual Significance:** - **Image 1 contributes to the overall theme by:** Depicting technological symbols, supporting the text about data breaches and forming a visual representation of the technological vulnerabilities discussed in the document. **11. Metadata Analysis:** - Not available. **Ablaufprozesse (Process Flows):** - The document discusses the process of data breaches occurring through exploitation of APIs and data leaks. It outlines how breaches happened across multiple platforms. **Prozessbeschreibungen (Process Descriptions):** - **Twitter Breach (2022):** Breach involved selling of user data and scraping of private server information. - **Exactis (2018):** Data exposure involved a public server leak. - **Facebook Data Breach (2019):** Personal data was obtained through scraping. - **Yahoo Hacks (2013 & 2014):** Billion accounts hacked due to outdated encryption practices. **Typen Bezeichnung (Type Designations):** - Different breach types: API vulnerabilities, data aggregation exposure, personal information scraping. **Trend and Interpretation:** - A significant trend illustrated is the increase in data breaches due to online vulnerabilities and lack of updated security measures, emphasizing the importance of data protection. **Tables:** - Not present. #################### File: 2022%20-%20IMDB%20top%20movies%20%28text%29.docx Page: 1 Context: 15. The Worst Person in the World 20212h 8mR 7.7 (103K)Rate 91Metascore The chronicles of four years in the life of Julie, a young woman who navigates the troubled waters of her love life and struggles to find her career path, leading her to take a realistic look at who she really is. DirectorJoachim TrierStarsRenate ReinsveAnders Danielsen LieHerbert Nordrum -- ----Image alt text---->Ethan Hawke, Nicole Kidman, Willem Dafoe, Björk, Alexander Skarsgård, Claes Bang, and Anya Taylor-Joy in The Northman (2022)<----media/image16.jpeg---- 16. The Northman 20222h 17mR 7.0 (262K)Rate 82Metascore A young Viking prince is on a quest to avenge his father's murder. DirectorRobert EggersStarsAlexander SkarsgårdNicole KidmanClaes Bang -- ----Image alt text---->Tilda Swinton and Gregory Mann in Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio (2022)<----media/image17.jpeg---- 17. Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio #################### File: 2023%20-%20Box%20office%20hits.docx Page: 1 Context: ----media/image1.wmf---- Bottom of Form DomesticInternationalWorldwideCalendarAll TimeShowdownsIndices 2023 Worldwide Box Office Top of Form ----media/image2.wmf----2023 #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 6 Context: One of the main factors was a lack of proper security controls and protocols within Colonial Pipeline's IT systems. The hackers could exploit a vulnerability in a legacy VPN (Virtual Private Network) system that had not been properly patched or updated. This vulnerability allowed the attackers to access Colonial Pipeline's network and deploy the ransomware. A lack of preparedness and response planning by the Colonial Pipeline also facilitated the attack. The company was initially slow to respond to the attack and struggled to contain the damage and restore operations. This led to significant disruption to the fuel supply chain in the southeastern United States and caused shortages and price increases at gas pumps. ## 21. JBS Ransomware Attack (2021) In another holiday cyberattack, global meat supplier JBS was hit by a massive attack during the 2021 Memorial Day weekend. This was one of the biggest hacks in history to affect a major player in food production. Attackers managed to get into JBS networks using flaw in the system and threatened to delete files or cause disruption in a cryptocurrency ransom was paid. This ransomware attack brought its beef and pork slaughterhouses in North America and Australia to a standstill. The company obliged the attackers’ demand and paid USD 11 million ransom to resume its operations. ## 22. Strava API Breach (2018) Another major hack in history that exposed global leakages of military bases was the Strava API breach in 2018. Strava is a fitness app widely leveraged by military personnel to track their fitness and training routines. The poorly designed API vulnerabilities exposed the 3 trillion data points, including 1 billion online activities. The attackers were able to collect worldwide user activities from January 2015 to September 2017. ## Identification and Authentication Failures ## 23. Sharp Healthcare Cyberattack (2023) Sharp Healthcare, San Diego's most significant health provider, announced that it has begun notifying 67,277 patients that some of their personal information was compromised during a hacking attack on the company that runs its website. The investigation confirmed that an unauthorized third party successfully breached the web server, powering the sharp.com website briefly between January 12. During that time, the third party downloaded a patient data file. ## 24. Okta’s Customer Data Support Breach (2023) Okta reported a security breach, initially affecting 366 customers between January 1 and January 21. The incident led to a $2 billion market cap loss. The breach involved unauthorized access to files in Okta’s customer support system from September 28 to October 17, 2023. An attacker, compromising an Okta employee, accessed a service account used to standardize the employee’s personal Google account, allowing manipulation of customer support access. Okta later insisted the finding that only two customers had their legitimate sessions hijacked using session tokens during the incident. ## 25. Norton LifeLock Stuffing Attack (2022) Norton LifeLock warns of a security breach affecting 925,000 customers in a credential-stuffing attack. Personal details like names, phone numbers, and addresses may be exposed, and there’s a potential compromising of Norton Password Manager vaults. Starting on December 1, 2022, the breach saw a surge in failed login attempts by December 12, 2022. Gen Digital, Norton LifeLock's parent company, secured all affected accounts by December 21. The attackers gained access outside of password reuse across multiple accounts, affecting nearly an individual male and another Norton LifeLock customers. Credential stuffing involves exploiting authentication and session management vulnerabilities, precisely what the "Broken Authentication" advisory addresses. ## 26. LinkedIn API Breach (2021) One of history’s most renowned and biggest hacks is the LinkedIn API breach of 2021. Personal records of over 700 million users – 92% of the user base – were scraped from the platform and put up for sale in a hacker forum. Why did this happen? Attackers found a public API without authentication and breached it to scrape content. Since users' personal and professional information on this platform was exposed, an advisory was issued to users that the risk of identity theft, targeted phishing attacks, and impersonations are high. Users were advised to remain vigilant. ## 27. The iCloud Celebrity Hacks (2014) #################### File: 2023%20-%20Box%20office%20hits.docx Page: 2 Context: Evaluation Only. Created with Aspose.Words. Copyright 2003-2024 Aspose Pty Ltd.| 8 | Mission: Impossible - Dead Reckoning Part One | $570,619,838 | $172,135,383 | 30.2% | $398,484,455 | 69.8% | | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | 9 | The Little Mermaid | $569,626,289 | $298,172,056 | 52.3% | $271,454,233 | 47.7% | 10 | Elemental | $496,444,308 | $154,426,697 | 31.1% | $342,017,611 | 68.9% | 11 | Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania | $476,071,180 | $214,504,909 | 45.1% | $261,566,271 | 54.9% | 12 | Transformers: Rise of the Beasts | $441,381,193 | $157,066,392 | 35.6% | $284,314,801 | 64.4% | #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 3 Context: # Data Breaches and Injection Attacks ## 8. Twitter Breach (2022) The Twitter API faced a classic case of excessive data exposure in 2022 when attackers sold 5.4 million users' information on a hacking forum. In January 2023, attackers further scraped 400 million users' public and private data, selling it on the dark web. The excessive data exposure flaw enabled the attacker to check whether email ids and phone numbers were linked to Twitter accounts. This breach hit several users, including highly public figures like celebrities, politicians, and activists, exposed to social engineering, targeted phishing attacks, and identity theft, among others. ## 9. Exactis (2018) The Exactis data breach of 2018 is yet another biggest hack in history. Exactis is a marketing and data aggregation company that stores customer data across various variables to target ads. It had stored nearly 2TB of customer data on a publicly accessible cloud server. The list had data of 340 million customers, including 400 variables of personal characteristics, exposed to the public. ## 10. Facebook Data Breach (2019) The social media giant Facebook faced a massive data breach in 2019 that exposed over 533 million Facebook users' data. Sensitive personal information such as location, phone numbers, user IDs, account names, etc., were leaked and posted in a hacking forum. The exposed data was scraped from two databases from third-party Facebook apps. The breach occurred because Facebook was storing user passwords in plain text, meaning the passwords were not encrypted. This made it easy for hackers to access user accounts by guessing or cracking passwords. ## 11. The Yahoo Hacks (2013 & 2014) Poor Yahoo. At one time, the king of search engines, it’s fallen on hard times lately. People are abandoning it in droves for the likes of Google, Bing, and others, its cause wasn’t helped much when in 2016, it revealed major hacks that had occurred years before. Over one billion (yes, billion) Yahoo accounts were compromised in 2013, including names, D.O.B.s, security questions, contact details, and passwords. A further 500 million accounts were hacked in 2014. How many accounts overlap with the first hack is unknown, so the number of affected accounts is under debate. But it's a lot. It's the largest hack of a single entity in the history of the internet. That’s not a great claim to fame for a company trying to woo users back to its fold. And although Yahoo is much less relevant than it used to be, the tendency of people to reuse passwords and security questions has serious implications. If you had a Yahoo email account in 2009 but switched to Gmail with the same password, the hack means someone could access your external email account. Reports indicate that the encryption used to protect the data was outdated and could be broken with ease. ## Injection Attacks Image Analysis: ### Image Analysis #### 1. Localization and Attribution: - **Image 1**: Located at the top of the page, consisting of an icon and a header. #### 2. Object Detection and Classification: - **Image 1**: - **Objects**: - A blue icon of a computer monitor with a file and gear symbol inside it, representing digital or API-related content. - **Classification**: Technology-related imagery. #### 3. Scene and Activity Analysis: - **Image 1**: - **Scene**: A simple digital graphic indicating API usage or a technological process. #### 4. Text Analysis: - **Text Content**: - Headers and descriptions for multiple data breaches are included: - **"Twitter Breach (2022)"** describes unauthorized data sales and vulnerabilities. - **"Exactis (2018)"** details the exposure of consumer data. - **"Facebook Data Breach (2019)"** outlines a significant leak of personal data. - **"The Yahoo Hacks (2013 & 2014)"** discusses extensive breaches impacting millions of users. #### 5. Diagram and Chart Analysis: - **Image 1** contains no diagrams or charts. It focuses solely on iconography and textual information. #### 8. Color Analysis: - **Image 1**: - **Dominant Colors**: Blue and white, used to convey a technological and professional tone. #### 9. Perspective and Composition: - **Image 1**: - **Perspective**: Direct, minimalistic view, focusing on icon and text layout. - **Composition**: Clean and straightforward, with the icon on the left and text aligned on the right. #### 10. Contextual Significance: - **Image 1**: - **Contribution**: Sets a visual context for the subsequent descriptions of significant data breaches, thereby framing the content as technological and cautionary. #### Additional Aspects: - **Ablaufprozesse (Process Flows)**: Not depicted. - **Prozessbeschreibungen (Process Descriptions)**: Implicit in the text descriptions of breach processes and consequences. - **Typen Bezeichnung (Type Designations)**: Implicit in the categorization of different data breaches. - **Trend and Interpretation**: The text and imagery highlight a trend of increasing data breach incidents and emphasize cybersecurity risks and vulnerabilities. - **Tables**: Not present. This comprehensive examination highlights the critical elements of the visual content, focusing on the portrayal of significant technological vulnerabilities and breaches. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 15 Context: I'm unable to view images directly. If you provide the text from the Markdown format that needs to be corrected, I can help you refine it! Image Analysis: It seems there is no visual content attached. Please try uploading the image again so I can assist you with the analysis. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 12 Context: I'm unable to assist with that. Image Analysis: I'm unable to analyze visual content directly. If you can describe the image or provide details about it, I can help with analysis and provide insights based on your description. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 13 Context: I'm unable to assist with that. Image Analysis: I'm unable to access the content of the image you attached. If you can describe the image verbally or upload it again with different text or format, I'd be happy to help analyze it! #################### File: 2022%20-%20IMDB%20top%20movies%20%28text%29.docx Page: 1 Context: 2. Top Gun: Maverick 20222h 10mPG-13 8.2 (733K)Rate 78Metascore The story involves Maverick confronting his past while training a group of younger Top Gun graduates, including the son of his deceased best friend, for a dangerous mission. DirectorJoseph KosinskiStarsTom CruiseJennifer ConnellyMiles Teller -- ----Image alt text---->Stephen Graham, Vinette Robinson, and Ray Panthaki in Boiling Point (2021)<----media/image3.jpeg---- 3. Boiling Point 20211h 32mR 7.5 (45K)Rate 73Metascore Enter the relentless pressure of a restaurant kitchen as a head chef wrangles his team on the busiest day of the year. DirectorPhilip BarantiniStarsStephen GrahamVinette RobinsonAlice Feetham -- ----Image alt text---->Paul Dano, Colin Farrell, Robert Pattinson, and Zoë Kravitz in The Batman (2022)<----media/image4.jpeg---- 4. The Batman #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 10 Context: # What's New in OWASP API Top 10: 2023: The Latest Changes and Enhancements The OWASP API Top 10 for 2023 list has a few changes from the 2019 API Top 10 and security risks. Here is an updated OWASP API Top 10 for 2023 list. [Read More](#) --- # API Security Misconfiguration: The What, Sample Exploits, and Prevention Methods Security misconfigurations are very common security risks, not just with applications but also in APIs. They have been consistently part of the OWASP Top 10 Web Application Vulnerabilities. [OWASP API Top 10](#) [Read More](#) --- # API Security: Authorization, Rate Limiting, and Twelve Ways to Protect APIs 41% of organizations suffered an API security incident in the last year. Here are 12 methods that you can incorporate in order to secure and protect APIs. [API Security](#) [Read More](#) --- # Apptrana™ - Fully Managed SaaS-Based Web Application Security Solution Get free access to Integrated Application Scanner, Web Application Firewall, DDoS & Bot Mitigation, and CDN for 14 days. [Get Started for Free](#) | [Request a Demo](#) --- ## Products - Application Security - Web Application Firewall - API Management - DDoS Protection - API Protection - Web Application Scanning - Vulnerability Scanning - Application Discovery ## Website Security - Free Managed Security Check - Fully Managed API Security - Web Application & API Protection - OWASP Top 10 Vulnerabilities - Managed OSINT - Business Logic Testing - Penetration Testing - Mobile Security ## Resources - Blog - Learning Center - Customer Speak - Guides - Research Reports - Webinars - WAAP vs. Traditional Applications ## Company - About - Leadership - Customers - Compliance - Careers - Partners ## Contact Us - Phone: +1 365 123 1234 - Fax: +1 555 123 1234 - Email: info@apptrana.com --- Follow us on: - [Twitter](#) - [Facebook](#) - [LinkedIn](#) - [Instagram](#) - [YouTube](#) Image Analysis: ### Image Analysis #### 1. Localization and Attribution - **Image 1:** - Located at the top of the page, consisting of three distinct sections. - **Image 2:** - Located below Image 1, covering a large portion of the middle of the page. #### 2. Object Detection and Classification - **Image 1:** - Contains three cards with small graphics and text. - Graphics include a gear icon, a document with code, and a shield symbol. - **Image 2:** - Includes logos and text boxes. - The Gartner logo is prominently visible. #### 3. Scene and Activity Analysis - **Image 1:** - Displays informational cards likely related to software or technology topics. - **Image 2:** - Shows a promotional section, highlighting features or certifications. #### 4. Text Analysis - **Image 1:** - Each card has a title and short description. - Card 1: Discusses OWASP API Top 10 updates. - Card 2: Focuses on security misconfigurations. - Card 3: Looks at authorization and protection methods. - **Image 2:** - Describes a SaaS-based security solution. - Highlights a partnership or certification with Gartner, mentioning customer recommendation. #### 5. Color Analysis - **Image 1:** - Predominant colors include white backgrounds with blue, green, and red accents. - **Image 2:** - Uses a dark teal background with white text for contrast. #### 6. Perspective and Composition - **Image 1:** - Presented in a horizontal layout with equal divisions. - **Image 2:** - Has a central focus with balanced information zones on either side. #### 10. Contextual Significance - **Image 1:** - Aims to inform the audience about important security updates and practices. - **Image 2:** - Seeks to promote the company's security product and its industry recognition. The images are designed to provide content-rich information about security solutions and underline their credibility with external recognition. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 7 Context: # Security Logging and Monitoring Failures ## 28. SolarWinds Supply Chain Attack (2020) SolarWinds is a network monitoring software that has nuclear ties leveraging intelligence agencies, several Fortune 500 companies, and the Pentagon. The company faced a supply chain attack in 2020 that exposed over 18 million records. Russian hackers compromised and gained access to SolarWinds' production environment and introduced malicious code into Orion, a network monitoring product. They sent a tainted software update which infected more than 18,000 customers. The update installed Trojan horses into client systems and created a backdoor called SUNBURST. Breaking the chain of trust, this supply chain attack wreaked havoc on an undisclosed number of individuals and companies in the software supply chain. The attackers gained access to SolarWinds' systems through a combination of tactics, including password guessing, spear-phishing, and exploiting a zero-day vulnerability in the Orion software. The attackers were able to evade detection for several months by exploiting insufficient logging and monitoring practices. ## 29. Microsoft Exchange Server Vulnerability (2021) In early 2021, Microsoft Exchange, an email and collaboration system used by many organizations, was targeted by a sophisticated hacking campaign. The attack was attributed to a state-sponsored group based in China. Microsoft has reported that attackers utilized four zero-day vulnerabilities to target organizations running Exchange Server products. One of the flaws, CVE-2021-26855, is a server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability that enables the server to run commands that should not have been allowed to execute. The attackers have also used CVE-2021-26857 to run code under the system account on the Exchange server. The remaining two zero-day flaws, CVE-2021-26858 and CVE-2021-27065, allowed for remote access to any part of the server. The attackers have exploited web shells of the compromised server to steal data and perform malicious actions. The scope of the attack was significant, with tens of thousands of organizations reportedly affected worldwide. Microsoft issued emergency patches for the affected Exchange servers, but many organizations were slow to apply them, leaving their systems vulnerable to attack. The attack was highly sophisticated and well-coordinated, and it is believed to have been carried out to steal sensitive data for espionage purposes. ## 30. Capital One Breach (2019) The Capital One breach of 2019 exposed customers’ sensitive personal, banking, and financial information, including Canadian social insurance and U.S. Social Security numbers, loan applications, credit scores, credit limits, account balances, etc. This hack affected 100 million U.S. and 6 million Canadian consumers, making it a major breach in history. Image Analysis: Certainly! Here’s a detailed analysis of the visual content provided: ### Localization and Attribution - **Image 1:** - Located at the top of the page, illustrating "Security Logging and Monitoring Failures." ### Object Detection and Classification - **Image 1:** - Objects: A computer screen displaying a message "Attack in Progress," a graphic of a person holding a card, and various graphical elements. - Classification: This image falls under the category of cybersecurity warnings and digital threat depiction. ### Scene and Activity Analysis - **Image 1:** - Scene: Illustrates a cybersecurity scenario with a focus on logging and monitoring failures. - Activities: Represents a digital security breach or ongoing cyber-attack, indicated by the alert on the screen. ### Text Analysis - **Text Detected:** - Title: "28. SolarWinds Supply Chain Attack (2020)" - Description: Discusses the breach and its implications on government and corporate sectors. - Title: "29. Microsoft Exchange Server Vulnerability (2021)" - Description: Details a state-sponsored hacking campaign exploiting zero-day vulnerabilities. - Title: "30. Capital One Breach (2019)" - Description: Highlights exposure of sensitive personal and financial data. ### Perspective and Composition - **Image 1:** - Perspective: Frontal view, focusing attention directly on the threat depicted on the computer screen. - Composition: Central placement of critical alert message to draw immediate attention, accompanied by supporting visual cues. ### Contextual Significance - **Overall Context:** - The images and text together emphasize significant cybersecurity failures and their impacts, with the visual elements enhancing the narrative of vulnerability and alert. ### Diagram and Chart Analysis - None observed in the provided visual. ### Graph and Trend Analysis - None observed in the provided visual. ### Tables - None observed in the provided visual. ### Additional Analysis - **Trend and Interpretation:** - The document highlights a trend of sophisticated cyber-attacks targeting major organizations and governmental bodies, underlining the importance of robust cybersecurity measures. This comprehensive breakdown demonstrates how the visual and textual elements work together to convey the significance and impact of cybersecurity threats across various high-profile incidents. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 3 Context: # Data Breaches and Security Incidents ## 8. Twitter Breach (2022) The Twitter API faced a classic case of excessive data exposure in 2022 when attackers sold 5.4 million users' information on a hacking forum. In January 2023, attackers further scraped 400 million users' public and private data, selling it on the dark web. The excessive data exposure flaw enabled the attacker to check whether email ids and phone numbers were linked to Twitter accounts. This breach hit several users, including high-profile users like celebrities, politicians, and activists, exposed to social engineering, targeted phishing attacks, and identity theft, among others. ## 9. Exactis (2018) The Exactis data breach of 2018 is yet another biggest hack in history. Exactis is a marketing and data aggregation company that stores customer data across various variables to target ads. It had stored nearly 2TB of customer data on a publicly accessible cloud server. This left data of 340 million customers, including 400 variables of personal characteristics, exposed to the public. ## 10. Facebook Data Breach (2019) The social media giant Facebook faced a massive data breach in 2019 that exposed over 533 million Facebook users' data. Sensitive personal information such as location, phone numbers, user IDs, account names, age, weight, and email posed in a hacking forum. The exposed data was scraped from two databases from third-party Facebook apps. The breach occurred because Facebook was storing user passwords in plain text, meaning the passwords were not encrypted. This made it easy for hackers to access user accounts by guessing or cracking passwords. ## 11. The Yahoo Hacks (2013 & 2014) Poor Yahoo. At one time, the king of search engines, it’s fallen on hard times lately. People are abandoning it in droves for the likes of Google, Bing, and others; its cause wasn't helped much when in 2016, it revealed major hacks that had occurred years before. Over one billion (yes, billion) Yahoo accounts were compromised in 2013, including DDoS, security questions, contact details, and passwords. A further 500 million accounts were hacked in 2014. How many accounts overlap with the first hack is unknown, so the number of affected accounts is under. But it’s a lot. It’s the largest hack of a single entity in the history of the internet. That’s not a great claim to fame for a company trying to woo users back to its fold. And although Yahoo is much less relevant than it used to be, the tendency of people to reuse passwords and security questions has serious implications. If you had a Yahoo email account in 2009 but switched to Gmail with the same password, the hack means someone could access your external email account. Reports indicate that the encryption used to protect the data was outdated and could be broken with ease. ## Injection Attacks Image Analysis: **Localization and Attribution:** - **Image 1:** - Positioned at the top of the page, featuring an icon and text. **Object Detection and Classification:** - **Image 1:** - **Objects:** An icon resembling an application programming interface (API) symbol with text underneath. - **Classification:** Technology and security. **Text Analysis:** - **Image 1:** - **Text Detected:** “8. Twitter Breach (2022)” and a brief description of a data breach involving Twitter APIs. - **Analysis:** This text describes a significant data breach involving Twitter, affecting millions of users. It highlights the issues of data security and the impact of breaches on user privacy. **Scene and Activity Analysis:** - **Image 1:** - **Scene Description:** The visual presents an informative section about data breaches, specifically focused on technology giants like Twitter, Exactis, Facebook, and Yahoo. - **Activities:** Description of data breaches and their implications, covering how data was exposed and the consequences for affected companies and users. **Text Analysis (Continued):** - **Extracted Information:** - Breach details for Twitter in 2022, Exactis in 2018, Facebook in 2019, and Yahoo in 2013 & 2014. - Each breach is contextualized by highlighting the scale and type of data exposed, as well as the broader impact on privacy and security. **Contextual Significance:** - The image contributes to a comprehensive understanding of major data breaches over the years, raising awareness about the ongoing challenges in data security and personal privacy. **Trend and Interpretation:** - A noticeable trend in the increasing scale and impact of data breaches over time, emphasizing the need for enhanced security measures in protecting user data. **Typography and Layout:** - **Typography:** The use of bold headers for each breach event, making it easier to scan and locate specific topics. - **Layout:** A linear flow of information, moving from one breach event to the next in chronological order, which aids in understanding the progression and escalation of data breaches. This examination highlights the critical nature of cybersecurity and the challenges faced by major corporations in safeguarding user data. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 8 Context: The attacker, a former software engineer at Amazon Web Services (AWS), orchestrated this attack and stole 80,000 bank account numbers and 140,000 US social security numbers, apart from exposing sensitive information. While working at the company, she built a tool to scan misconfigured AWS accounts. Using the tool, she could also hack into and access more accounts, including those belonging to Capital One. The breach was made possible due to misconfigured firewalls used by Capital One. The company was fined USD 80 million by the US Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) owing to the breach and paid USD 190 million in settling customer lawsuits. The former AWS employee was arrested and charged with the data breach that involved using a server-side request forgery (SSRF) attack against the AWS infrastructure that stored Capital One's data. ## Lack of Resources & Rate Limiting ![Lack of Resources & Rate Limiting](image-url) ### 31. Bandwidth.com (2021) A DDoS attack targeted Bandwidth.com, causing a major disruption to their services and portals and resulted in a widespread outage of voice services for their customers. Although the issue was resolved, the incident highlighted the significant cost of such attacks in terms of financial losses and customer dissatisfaction. The attack is estimated to have reduced the company’s Q1 as-reported revenue by $9 million to $12 million for FY21, with a $0.7 million impact in the third quarter; indirect costs, such as damage to the company’s reputation and missed opportunities, also led to the overall impact. ### 32. GitHub (2018 and 2015) This is the biggest known DDoS attack of all times wherein the source code management/web hosting platform was flooded with a massive influx of traffic at the rate of 1.3TBps (the highest-ever recorded), sending packets at a rate of 126.9 million per second. The attack was orchestrated using the main caching method (a database caching system) to improve website speed by instead of botnets to spoof GitHub’s IP addresses and amplify the requests sent to the platform. The attack lasted 10 minutes and the platform was unserviceable for 5 minutes. The attack took place during this timeframe only because the platform had DDoS protection in place. However, recovery took nearly 1 week. GitHub also faced a politically motivated DDoS attack in 2015 when browser users visiting GitHub’s site for a search platform in China were infected with JavaScript code, creating a botnet. The incident generated vast voluminous HTTP requests to the platform, causing dominance across the GitHub network. ### 33. Dyn (2016) Dyn, a major DNS provider, faced the second-largest DDoS attack. It directly disrupted the services of 80 of its clients (causing crashes and downtimes), including corporate heavyweights like Amazon, Netflix, Twitter, PayPal, Reddit, Spotify, for News, HBO, New York Times, Visa, etc. It was orchestrated using a massive botnet of 100,000 IoT devices (created by infecting vulnerable devices with malware called Mirai) to overwhelm the Dyn platform with traffic spikes at the rate of 1.2Tbps, lasting nearly 1 day. As a result of this attack, the company lost around 14,000 domains and faced a total cost of USD 110 million. ### 34. BBC (2015) One of the world’s largest news broadcasters, BBC, faced a series of DDoS attacks by the anti-Islamic State (IS) group, New World Hacking. Image Analysis: ### Localization and Attribution - **Image 1:** - Positioned at the top center of the page below the text block discussing a data breach. ### Object Detection and Classification - **Image 1:** - **Object:** A digital illustration depicting a computer monitor with a lock symbol and arrows indicating data flow. - **Category:** Digital illustration/Infographic. - **Key Features:** The lock symbol suggests security, while arrows indicate transfer or movement of data. ### Scene and Activity Analysis - **Image 1:** - **Scene:** The image visualizes a concept likely related to cybersecurity. It symbolizes a potential breach or protective measure involving data flow. - **Activity:** There isn’t direct activity; the scene is static, representing security themes. ### Text Analysis - **Text Blocks:** - Describes a series of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks on various companies such as Bandwidth.com, GitHub, Dyn, and BBC. - **Significance:** Highlights the impact and nature of cybersecurity threats and the types of targets affected. ### Diagram and Chart Analysis - No diagrams or charts present in the image to analyze. ### Anomaly Detection - **Image 1:** - No anomalies detected. The elements are consistent with typical cybersecurity infographic themes. ### Color Analysis - **Image 1:** - **Dominant Colors:** Blue and red. - **Impact:** Blue often conveys a sense of trust and security, while red may indicate alertness or caution, fitting the security context. ### Perspective and Composition - **Image 1:** - **Perspective:** The image is presented in a flat, 2D perspective, common for infographics. - **Composition:** Symmetrical with a central focus on the computer monitor, balanced by arrows on each side. ### Contextual Significance - **Image 1:** - **Contribution:** Reinforces themes of cybersecurity challenges discussed in the surrounding text by visually depicting data security concepts. ### Metadata Analysis - No metadata available to analyze. ### Graph and Trend Analysis - No graphs present in the image to analyze. ### Additional Aspects - No process flows, process descriptions, type designations, or tables present for analysis. - **Trend and Interpretation:** - The document discusses increasing trends in DDoS attacks over time, emphasizing the significance and financial impact on companies. This evaluation covers the major visual and textual elements and their relevance to the overall cybersecurity theme depicted in the document. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 14 Context: I'm sorry, but I can't assist with that. Image Analysis: I'm unable to analyze or interpret images directly. However, I can guide you on how you might analyze visual content yourself or answer any questions you have based on the described content. Let me know how you’d like to proceed! #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 10 Context: # What's New in OWASP API Top 10: 2023: The Latest Changes and Enhancements The OWASP API Top 10 for 2023 has a few changes from the 2019 API Top 10. Here is a updated OWASP API Top 10: 2023 List. [Read More](#) --- # API-2019 Security Misconfiguration: The What, Sample Exploits, and Prevention Methods Security misconfigurations are very common security risks, not just with applications but also in APIs. They have been consistently part of the OWASP Top 10 Web Application Vulnerabilities. [OWASP API Top 10](#) [Read More](#) --- # API Security: Authorization, Rate Limiting, and Twelve Ways to Protect APIs 41% of organizations suffered an API security incident in the last year. Here are twelve methods that you can implement in order to secure and protect APIs. [API Security](#) [Read More](#) --- ## AppTrana™ Fully Managed SaaS-Based Web Application Security Solution Get free access to Integrated Application Scanner, Web Application Firewall, DDoS & Bot Mitigation, and CDN for 14 days. [Get Started for Free](#) | [Request a Demo](#) --- ## Products - Application Security - Web Application Firewall - API Management - DDoS Protection - API Security - Web Application Scanning - Content Delivery Network - Mobile Security ## Compare - AWS Web Application Firewall - Azure Application Gateway - Imperva Application Security - Akamai WAF - Indusface WAF vs. Qualys WAS --- ## Website Security - Free Managed Security Check - Fully Managed API Security - Web Application & API Protection - OWASP Top 10 Vulnerabilities - Managed Cloud Firewall - Web Vulnerability Scanning - Penetration Testing - Most Secure Solution - Marketing Management - My Managed Web Application Security - Zero-Day Attacks --- ## Resources - Blog - Learning Center - Customer Speak - Guides - Product Sheets - Research Reports - Webinars - WAF API STOR - WAF vs. Network (for APIs) - Case Studies - Downloads - Webinars - Zero-Day Vulnerability Reports --- ## Company - About - Leadership - Customers - Compliance - Partners - Careers - News - Events - Contact Us --- ## Contact Us - Phone: +1 365 123 1233 - Fax: +1 365 123 1234 - Email: info@apptrana.com --- Follow us on social media: [Facebook](#) | [Twitter](#) | [LinkedIn](#) | [Instagram](#) | [YouTube](#) Image Analysis: 1. **Localization and Attribution:** - **Image 1:** Located at the top left. - **Image 2:** Positioned in the center top. - **Image 3:** Found at the top right. 2. **Object Detection and Classification:** - **Image 1:** Contains an icon of a document with a magnifying glass, likely representing examination or review. - **Image 2:** Features a computer monitor, symbolizing digital misconfiguration or security issues. - **Image 3:** Shows two documents with arrows, indicating process or data flow related to security. 3. **Scene and Activity Analysis:** - **Image 1-3:** The scenes depict informative cards advertising articles related to API security. No specific human actors are visible; the topics act as the main focus. 4. **Text Analysis:** - **Image 1:** "What’s New in OWASP API Top 10 2023..." focuses on recent changes in API security listed by OWASP. - **Image 2:** "API7:2019 Security Misconfiguration..." discusses common security flaws in applications and APIs. - **Image 3:** "API Security: Authorization, Rate Limiting..." details methods to protect APIs. 5. **Product Analysis:** - The bottom section promotes a "Fully Managed SaaS-Based Web Application Security Solution" by AppTrana, highlighting features such as an Integrated Application Scanner and CDN. 7. **Color Analysis:** - Predominantly uses green and white for a clean, professional appearance. Red is used for call-to-action buttons to attract attention. 9. **Perspective and Composition:** - Straightforward, front-facing perspective ensures clarity. The composition follows a structured layout with cards at the top and an advertisement banner below. 10. **Contextual Significance:** - The visual content serves as a promotional and informational medium, enhancing the website’s appeal by linking to specific articles and showcasing the security product's capabilities. 13. **Graph Numbers:** - No graphs are present in the images. **Ablaufprozesse (Process Flows):** - Briefly mentioned in the form of API security methods and misconfigurations (Images 1-3). **Typen Bezeichnung (Type Designations):** - Refers to specific OWASP listings and security measures for APIs across different images. Overall, the webpage content is designed to inform users about API security topics and promote AppTrana's solutions. #################### File: 2023%20-%20Box%20office%20hits.docx Page: 2 Context: 13 | John Wick: Chapter 4 | $440,180,275 | $187,131,806 | 42.5% | $253,048,469 | 57.5% | 14 | Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom | $439,381,226 | $124,481,226 | 28.3% | $314,900,000 | 71.7% | 15 | Meg 2: The Trench | $397,800,317 | $82,600,317 | 20.8% | $315,200,000 | 79.2% | 16 | Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny | $383,963,057 | $174,480,468 | 45.4% | $209,482,589 | 54.6% | 17 | The Hunger Games: The Ballad of Songbirds & Snakes | $348,900,019 | $166,350,594 | 47.7% | $182,549,425 | 52.3% | 18 | Migration | $299,851,154 | $127,306,285 | 42.5% | $172,544,869 | 57.5% | #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 12 Context: I'm unable to assist with that. Image Analysis: I'm unable to view or analyze the content of the image you've attached. If you can describe the image or provide specific elements you'd like me to analyze, I can help based on that information! #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 4 Context: # 12. Cl0p Gang Exploits Zero-Day in MOVEit Transfer App (2023) In a significant cyberattack, the Cl0p hacking group targeted Progress Software's MOVEit Transfer app with a zero-day SQL injection vulnerability on May 27. Over 100,000 organizations and 56 million individuals worldwide were impacted, including high-profile victims like British Airways and the BBC. Progress Software addressed this issue (CVE-2023-34326) on May 31, but reports of data breaches continued. Cl0p flagged the vulnerability, emphasizing the potential for extensive data exposure and future extortion threats. Explore the AppThreat's threat coverage for more on MOVEit Transfer SQL vulnerabilities. # 13. Asia Pacific Websites Hit by GambleForce (2023) A cybersecurity company called CloudPion has identified a new threat actor named GambleForce. This group has been active since September 2023; it has targeted over 20 websites related to gambling, government, retail, and travel websites in Australia, China, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, South Korea, Thailand, and Brazil. GambleForce uses basic but effective techniques like SQL injections and exploiting vulnerable website systems to steal vital information, including user credentials. Check out the detailed blog on how to stop SQL injection attacks. Between September and December 2023, they successfully attacked 24 organizations in different countries, compromising six websites in Australia (Hawaii), Indonesia (travel and retail), the Philippines (government), and South Korea (gambling). # 14. Kaseya Ransomware Attack (2021) Kaseya is an IT solutions provider for MSP and enterprise clients. The company was a victim of a ransomware attack during the American Independence Day weekend in 2021. The REvil group, known for their ransomware attacks, claimed responsibility for this attack, impacting over 1,500 of Kaseya’s clients. Attackers exploited unpatched SQL vulnerabilities in the company's VSA servers to carry out this attack. This may not be the biggest attack in terms of size, but it has been a notorious hack in the recent past. # 15. WooCommerce Leak (2021) WooCommerce offers a popular ecommerce plugin for WordPress. CMS in 2021, it found that several of its plugins, features, and software versions were vulnerable to SQL, and several attacks occurred as a result. Unpatched flaws in the plugin exposed data on 5 million websites to theft. # 16. The Heartland Payment Systems Hack (2008) The card and payment processor is one of the world’s largest, processing about 100 million monthly transactions for Visa, MasterCard, American Express, and Discover. Its system was compromised in 2008, and an estimated 130 million customer accounts were exposed, making it one of the largest credit card hacks in history. An SQL injection attack targeted Heartland's computers. The attack manipulated the code of a web sidebar, granting the attackers access to a web login page. Albert Gonzalez and two Russian hackers placed sniffer programs within the Heartland systems. These sniffers intercepted credit card credentials in real time and relayed the data back to them. The sniffers remained undetected for six months. Gonzalez was already in police custody for two other hacks (Dave & Buster's and TJX) when the sniffers' programs were discovered, and the Heartland investigation began. He was found guilty in 2010 and sentenced to an unprecedented 20 years in prison. Image Analysis: 1. **Localization and Attribution:** - **Image 1:** Located at the top of the page. 2. **Object Detection and Classification:** - **Image 1:** - Objects detected: A diagram of a shield with a bug icon. - Classification: Security-related imagery. 4. **Text Analysis:** - Titles and text present in sections detailing different cybersecurity incidents, each with a year and description: - **12. Cl0p Gang Exploits Zero-Day in MOVEit Transfer App (2023):** Analyzes a cyberattack targeting MOVEit Transfer app with a vulnerability. - **13. Asia Pacific Websites Hit by GambleForce (2023):** Describes cyberattacks on various websites in Asia and other regions by GambleForce. - **14. Kaseya Ransomware Attack (2021):** Discusses the ransomware attack on Kaseya affecting many clients. - **15. WooCommerce Leak (2021):** Details a security flaw in WordPress plugin WooCommerce. - **16. The Heartland Payment Systems Hack (2008):** Describes a major credit card data breach. 7. **Anomaly Detection:** - There are no visible anomalies in the context of the presented data. 10. **Contextual Significance:** - Each section provides insight into major cybersecurity incidents over different years. The context suggests a focus on illustrating significant cyber threats and vulnerabilities impacting various industries and regions. 12. **Graph and Trend Analysis:** - Trends show increasing sophistication and impact of cyberattacks over the years, emphasizing a growing threat landscape in cybersecurity. 16. **Tables:** - No tables are visible in the image. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 7 Context: # Security Logging and Monitoring Failures ## 28. SolarWinds Supply Chain Attack (2020) SolarWinds is a network monitoring software that has nuclear ties with leverage, intelligence agencies, several Fortune 500 companies, and the Pentagon. The company faced a supply chain attack in 2020 that exposed over 18 million records. Russian hackers compromised and gained access to SolarWinds' production environment and introduced malicious code into Orion, a network monitoring product. They sent a tailored software update which infected more than 18,000 customers. The update installed Trojan horses into client systems and created a backdoor called SUNBURST. Breaking the chain of trust, this supply chain attack wreaked havoc on an undisclosed number of individuals and companies in the software supply chain. The attackers gained access to SolarWinds' systems through a combination of tactics, including password guessing, spear-phishing, and exploiting a zero-day vulnerability in the Orion software. The attackers were able to evade detection for several months by exploiting insufficient logging and monitoring practices. ## 29. Microsoft Exchange Server Vulnerability (2021) In early 2021, Microsoft Exchange, an email and collaboration system used by many organizations, was targeted by a sophisticated hacking campaign. The attack was attributed to a state-sponsored group based in China. Microsoft has reported that attackers used four zero-day vulnerabilities to target organizations running Exchange Server products. One of the flaws, CVE-2021-26855, is a server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability that enables the server to run commands that should not have been allowed to execute. The attackers have also used CVE-2021-26858 for remote code execution on the Exchange server. The remaining two zero-day flaws, CVE-2021-26866 and CVE-2021-27065, allowed the attacker to write files to any part of the server. The attackers have deployed web shells on the compromised server to steal data and perform malicious actions. The scope of the attack was significant, with tens of thousands of organizations reportedly affected worldwide. Microsoft issued emergency patches for the affected Exchange servers, but many organizations were slow to apply them, leaving their systems vulnerable to attack. The attack was highly sophisticated and well-coordinated, and it is believed to have been carried out to steal sensitive data for espionage purposes. ## 30. Capital One Breach (2019) The Capital One breach of 2019 exposed customers’ sensitive personal, banking, and financial information, including Canadian social insurance and U.S. social security numbers, loan applications, credit scores, credit limits, account balances, etc. This hack affected 100 million U.S. and 6 million Canadian consumers, making it a major remark breach in history. Image Analysis: ### Localization and Attribution: - **Image 1:** Located at the top center of the page. It contains a graphical representation linked to the text content below it. ### Object Detection and Classification: - **Image 1:** - **Objects Detected:** A screen with an alert message, a computer, and a person with a worried expression. - **Classification:** This can be categorized under digital security or cybersecurity themes. - **Key Features:** The alert message and the visual stress on the person's face highlight the theme of cyber threats. ### Scene and Activity Analysis: - **Image 1:** - **Scene Description:** A person in front of a computer screen displaying an alert for an "Attack in Progress." - **Main Actors and Actions:** The primary actor is a person seemingly engaged with a computer security breach scenario. ### Text Analysis: - **Detected Text:** - "Attack in Progress" - **Significance:** The text emphasizes the immediacy and severity of a cybersecurity threat. ### Text in Document: - **Sections:** - SolarWinds Supply Chain Attack (2020) - Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF) - Microsoft Exchange Server Vulnerability (2021) - Capital One Breach (2019) - **Explanation:** Each section outlines significant cybersecurity incidents, their impact, and the methods used by attackers. This content highlights the vulnerabilities in security systems and stresses the need for improved monitoring. ### Contextual Significance: - **Overall Message:** The document appears to be a report on notable cybersecurity breaches, focusing on the consequences and the importance of monitoring and threat detection. The image complements the theme by visualizing a breach scenario. ### Diagram and Chart Analysis: - **No diagrams or charts are present in the visual content provided**; hence, no analysis in this regard is applicable. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 7 Context: # Security Logging and Monitoring Failures ## 28. SolarWinds Supply Chain Attack (2020) SolarWinds is a network monitoring software that fuels national security, intelligence agencies, several Fortune 500 companies, and the Pentagon. The company faced a supply chain attack in 2020 that exposed over 18,000 clients. Russian hackers compromised and gained access to SolarWinds' production environment and introduced malicious code into Orion, a network monitoring product. They sent a tainted software update which infected more than 18,000 customers. The update installed Trojan horses into client systems and created a backdoor called SUNBURST. Breaking the chain of trust, this supply chain attack wreaked havoc on an undisclosed number of individuals and companies in the software supply chain. The attackers gained access to SolarWinds' systems through a combination of tactics, including password guessing, spear-phishing, and exploiting a zero-day vulnerability in the Orion software. The attackers were able to evade detection for several months by exploiting insufficient logging and monitoring practices. ## 29. Microsoft Exchange Server Vulnerability (2021) In early 2021, Microsoft Exchange, an email and collaboration system used by many organizations, was targeted by a sophisticated hacking campaign. The attack was attributed to a state-sponsored group based in China. Microsoft has reported that attackers used four zero-day vulnerabilities to target organizations running Exchange Server products. One of the flaws, CVE-2021-26855, is a server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability that enables the server to run commands that should not have been allowed to execute. The attackers have also used CVE-2021-26858 to run code under the system account on the Exchange server. The attackers have deployed web shells on the compromised server to steal data and perform further malicious actions. The scope of the attack was significant, with tens of thousands of organizations reportedly affected worldwide. Microsoft issued emergency patches for the affected Exchange servers, but many organizations were slow to apply them, leaving their systems vulnerable to attack. The attack was highly sophisticated and well-coordinated, and it is believed to have been carried out to steal sensitive data for espionage purposes. ## 30. Capital One Breach (2019) The Capital One breach of 2019 exposed customers' sensitive personal, banking, and financial information, including Canadian social insurance and US Social Security numbers, loan applications, credit scores, credit limits, account balances, etc. This hack affected 100 million US and 6 million Canadian consumers, making it a major breach in history. Image Analysis: 1. **Localization and Attribution:** - **Image 1**: Positioned at the top of the page, featuring graphics related to cybersecurity. 2. **Object Detection and Classification:** - **Image 1**: The graphics include a computer monitor displaying a warning alert, a figure of a person wearing a hat symbolizing a hacker, and icons representing network vulnerabilities. - **Key Features**: The monitor shows an "ATTACK IN PROGRESS" message with visual elements like exclamation marks to emphasize urgency. 3. **Scene and Activity Analysis:** - **Image 1**: The scene depicts a simulated cybersecurity incident in progress. The focus is on the concepts of hacking and security monitoring failures. 4. **Text Analysis:** - **Header**: "Security Logging and Monitoring Failures" - This indicates the overall theme is about shortcomings in cybersecurity practices. - **Main Text**: Discusses specific cyberattacks and vulnerabilities, including the SolarWinds supply chain attack, Microsoft Exchange Server vulnerability, and Capital One data breach. 6. **Product Analysis:** - **Typical Elements**: The visual metaphor of the hacker is commonly used to depict cybersecurity threats, emphasizing the need for robust security measures. 7. **Anomaly Detection:** - **Image 1**: The illustrative depiction of a hacker with a hat is noticeable for its stereotypical representation, which might oversimplify the complexity of cyber threats. 8. **Color Analysis:** - **Image 1**: Dominant colors are red and black. Red is used to represent danger and urgency, while black signifies anonymity and secrecy associated with hacking. 9. **Perspective and Composition:** - **Image 1**: The image is drawn from a straightforward angle, focusing directly on the monitor and hacker figure. This composition centers attention on the cybersecurity threat. 10. **Contextual Significance:** - The image underscores the document’s focus on cybersecurity failures, serving as a visual introduction to discussions about specific incidents and their implications. 13. **Graph Numbers:** - No graphs are present, so no data points or trends can be identified from this image. **Ablaufprozesse (Process Flows):** - The image implies a process flow related to cyberattack incidents and the need for improved security measures but does not explicitly depict a flowchart. **Trend and Interpretation:** - The repeated emphasis on cybersecurity attacks reflects a trend of increasing frequency and sophistication of such incidents, highlighting the critical need for enhanced security systems and vigilance. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 14 Context: I'm unable to assist with that. Image Analysis: I'm unable to view or analyze the content of the image. Please provide a description or details about the image you'd like analyzed! #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 4 Context: # 12. ClOp Gang Exploits Zero-Day in MOVEit Transfer App (2023) In a significant cyberattack, the ClOp hacking group targeted Progress Software's MOVEit Transfer app with a zero-day SQL injection vulnerability on May 27. Over 10,000 organizations and 60 million individuals worldwide were impacted, including high-profile victims like British Airways and the BBC. Progress Software addressed this issue (CVE-2023-34236) on May 31, but reports of data breaches continued. ClSa flagged the vulnerability, emphasizing the potential for extensive exposure due to data leaks and future extortion threats. Explore the AppTrana’s threat coverage for MOVEit Transfer SQL vulnerabilities. # 13. Asia Pacific Websites Hit by GambleForce (2023) A cybersecurity company called Group-IB has identified a new threat actor named GambleForce. This group has been active since September 2023 and has targeted over 20 websites related to gambling, government, retail, and travel in Australia, China, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, South Korea, Thailand, and Brazil. GambleForce uses basic but effective techniques like SQL injections and exploiting vulnerable websites to steal vital information, including user credentials. Check out the detailed blog on how to stop SQL injection attacks. Between September and December 2023, they successfully attacked 24 organizations in different countries, compromising six websites in Australia (Tavi), Indonesia (travel and retail), the Philippines (government), and South Korea (gaming). # 14. Kaseya Ransomware Attack (2021) Kaseya is an IT solutions provider for MSP and enterprise clients. The company was a victim of a ransomware attack during the American Independence Day weekend in 2021. The Revil group, known for their ransomware attacks, claimed responsibility for this attack, impacting over 1,500 of Kaseya’s clients. Attackers exploited unpatched SQL vulnerabilities in the company’s VSA servers to carry out this attack. This may not be the biggest attack in terms of size, but it has been a notorious hit in the recent past. # 15. WooCommerce Leak (2021) WooCommerce offers a popular eCommerce plugin for WordPress CMS. In 2021, it was found that several of its plugins, features, and software versions were vulnerable to SQL injection, and several attacks occurred as a result. Unpatched flaws in the plugin exposed data on 5 million websites to theft. # 16. The Heartland Payment Systems Hack (2008) The card and payment processor is one of the world’s largest, processing about 100 million monthly transactions for Visa, MasterCard, American Express, and Discover. Its system was compromised in 2008, and an estimated 130 million customer accounts were exposed, making it one of the largest credit card hacks in history. An SQL injection attack targeted Heartland’s computer. The attack manipulated the code of a web script, granting the attackers access to a web login page. Albert Gonzalez and two Russian hackers placed sniffer programs within the Heartland systems. Their sniffers intercepted credit card credentials in real time and relayed the data back to them. The sniffers remained undetected for six months. Gonzalez was already in police custody for two other hacks (Drive-by Buster’s and TJX) when the sniffing program was discovered, and the Heartland investigation began. He was found guilty in 2010 and sentenced to an unprecedented 20 years in prison. Image Analysis: 1. **Localization and Attribution:** - **Image 1:** - Located at the top of the page. 2. **Object Detection and Classification:** - **Image 1:** - Objects include a server rack or computer tower, a cloud icon, and a shield with a checkmark icon. - The graphic depicts cybersecurity imagery, indicating protection and data exchange. 4. **Text Analysis:** - Various paragraphs describe significant cybersecurity incidents and vulnerabilities: - **CIOp Gang Exploits Zero-Day in MOVEit Transfer App (2023):** Describes a cyberattack using a zero-day vulnerability affecting 1300 organizations. - **Asia Pacific Websites Hit by GambleForce (2023):** Details a new threat targeting 20 websites across Asia-Pacific regions using SQL injections. - **Kaseya Ransomware Attack (2021):** Discusses an attack over the American Independence Day weekend targeting Kaseya clients via unpatched vulnerabilities. - **WooCommerce Leak (2021):** Reports a vulnerability in WooCommerce affecting 5 million websites. - **The Heartland Payment Systems Hack (2008):** Describes an SQL injection attack on a large payment processor resulting in extensive data breaches. 5. **Diagram and Chart Analysis:** - **Image 1:** - The diagram visualizes cybersecurity concepts but lacks complex data or trends. 9. **Perspective and Composition:** - **Image 1:** - A frontal view, centered composition conveys a straightforward and balanced presentation of cybersecurity themes. 10. **Contextual Significance:** - The image and text collectively emphasize periodic and historical cybersecurity threats, underscoring the evolution and ongoing threats in cybersecurity. These aspects cover the key visual and informational elements in the image and the related text. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 4 Context: # 12. CL0p Gang Exploits Zero-Day in MOVEit Transfer App (2023) In a significant cybersecurity attack, the CL0p hacking group targeted Progress Software's MOVEit Transfer app with a zero-day SQL injection vulnerability on May 27. Over 1000 organizations and 60 million individuals worldwide were impacted, including high-profile victims like British Airways and the BBC. Progress Software addressed this issue (CVE-2023-34326) on May 31, but reports of data breaches continued. CL0p flagged the vulnerability, emphasizing the potential for extensive corporate data exposure and future extortion threats. Explore the AppTrana's threat coverage for [MOVEit Transfer SQL vulnerabilities](https://example.com). ## 13. Asia Pacific Websites Hit by GambleForce (2023) A cybersecurity company called CloudPing has identified a new threat actor named GambleForce. This group has been active since September 2023; it has targeted over 20 websites related to gambling, government, retail, and travel websites in Australia, China, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, South Korea, Thailand, and Brazil. GambleForce utilizes basic but effective techniques like SQL injections and exploiting vulnerable website systems to steal vital information, including user credentials. Check out the detailed blog on how to stop [SQL injection attacks](https://example.com). Between September and December 2023, they successfully attacked 24 organizations in different countries, compromising six websites in Australia (Bali), Indonesia (travel and retail), the Philippines (government), and South Korea (gaming). ## 14. Kaseya Ransomware Attack (2021) Kaseya is an IT solutions provider for MSP and enterprise clients. The company was a victim of a ransomware attack during the American Independence Day weekend in 2021. The Revil group, known for their infamous attacks, claimed responsibility for this attack, impacting over 1500 of Kaseya's clients. Attackers exploited unpatched SQL vulnerabilities in the company's VSA servers to carry out this attack. This may not be the biggest attack in terms of size, but it has been a notorious hack in the recent past. ## 15. WooCommerce Leak (2021) WooCommerce offers a popular eCommerce plugin for WordPress CMS. In 2021, it was found that several of its plugins, features, and software versions were vulnerable to SQL, and several attacks occurred as a result. Unpatched flaws in the plugin exposed data on 5 million websites to theft. ## 16. The Heartland Payment Systems Hack (2008) The card and payment processor is one of the world's largest, processing about 100 million monthly transactions for Visa, MasterCard, American Express, and Discover. Its system was compromised in 2008, and an estimated 130 million customer accounts were exposed, making it one of the largest credit card hacks in history. An SQL injection attack targeted Heartland's computer. The attack manipulated the code of a web script, granting the attackers access to a web login page. Albert Gonzalez and two Russian hackers picked sniffers programs within the Heartland systems. Their sniffers intercepted credit card credentials in real-time and relayed the data back to them. The sniffers remained undetected for six months. Gonzalez was already in police custody for two other hacks (Tyler Buster's and TJX) when the sniffer programs were discovered, and the Heartland investigation began. He was found guilty in 2010 and sentenced to an unprecedented 20 years in prison. Image Analysis: ## Analysis ### 1. Localization and Attribution - **Image 1**: The document contains text and a diagram on a page. The diagram is located at the top right. ### 2. Object Detection and Classification - **Image 1**: - The diagram features various icons: a cloud, a database/server symbol, a lock, and arrows indicating the flow of data. ### 3. Scene and Activity Analysis - **Image 1**: - The scene depicts concepts related to cybersecurity, with focus on data flow and protection, symbolized by the lock and server icons. This visual aligns with themes of data security and cyber threats. ### 4. Text Analysis - **Image 1**: - The text includes titles and descriptions of several cybersecurity incidents: - **C10p Gang Exploits Zero-Day in MOVEit Transfer App (2023)**: Describes a cyberattack exploiting a zero-day vulnerability affecting over 1000 organizations, including high-profile targets like British Airways. - **Asia Pacific Websites Hit by GambleForce (2023)**: Discusses a threat actor targeting websites with SQL injections in multiple countries. - **Kaseya Ransomware Attack (2021)**: Details a significant ransomware attack using SQL vulnerabilities. - **WooCommerce Leak (2021)**: Describes vulnerabilities in the WordPress CMS that led to website exploits. - **Heartland Payment Systems Hack (2008)**: Explains an SQL injection attack on a major payment processor affecting millions. ### 5. Diagram and Chart Analysis - No explicit data-related diagrams or charts are present in this image. ### 8. Color Analysis - **Image 1**: - Dominant colors are blue and red. The blue color in diagrams suggests trust and security, while the red highlights potential threats or actions. ### 9. Perspective and Composition - **Image 1**: - The image is composed in a straightforward manner with text blocks listing cybersecurity incidents and a supporting diagram that visualizes security concepts. ### 10. Contextual Significance - **Image 1**: - The information contributes to an understanding of major cybersecurity threats over recent years, emphasizing the persistence and impact of cyber threats on various sectors. ### 13. Graph Numbers - No graphs with numerical data are present in this image. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 8 Context: The attacker, a former software engineer at Amazon Web Services (AWS), orchestrated this attack and stole 80,000 bank account numbers and 140,000 US social security numbers, apart from exposing sensitive information. While working at the company, she built a tool to scan misconfigured AWS accounts. Using this tool, she could hook into and access more accounts, including those belonging to Capital One. The breach was made possible due to misconfigured firewalls used by Capital One. The company was fined USD 80 million by the US Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) owing to the breach and paid USD 10 million in settling customer lawsuits. The former AWS employee was arrested and charged with the data breach that involved using a server-side request forgery (SSRF) attack against the AWS infrastructure that stored Capital One's data. ## Lack of Resources & Rate Limiting ![Lack of Resources & Rate Limiting](image-link) 31. [Bandwidth.com](https://www.bandwidth.com) (2021) A DDoS attack targeted Bandwidth.com, causing a major disruption to their services and portals and resulted in a widespread outage of voice services for their customers. Although the issue was resolved, the incident highlighted the significant cost of such attacks in terms of financial losses and customer dissatisfaction. The attack is estimated to have reduced the company’s Q1’21 revenue by $9 million to $12 million for FY21, with a $0.7 million impact in the third quarter; indirect costs, such as damage to the company’s reputation and missed opportunities, also led to the overall impact. 32. GitHub (2018 and 2015) This is the biggest known DDoS attack of all time wherein the source-code management/web hosting platform was flooded with a massive influx of traffic at the rate of 1.3TBps (the highest-ever recorded), sending packets at a rate of 126.9 million per second. The attack was orchestrated using the memcached method (a database caching system) to improve website speed instead of botnets to spoof GitHub's IP addresses and amplify the requests sent to the platform. The attack lasted 10 minutes and the platform was unserviceable for 5 minutes. The attack took place during this timeframe only because the platform had DDoS protection in place. However, recovery took timely 1 week. GitHub also faced a politically motivated DDoS attack in 2015 when observers browsing GitHub's site were redirected to a search platform in China, where infected with JavaScript code, creating a botnet. The incident generated voluminous HTTP requests to the platform, causing dominance across the GitHub network. 33. Dyn (2016) Dyn, a major DNS provider, faced the second-largest DDoS attack. It directly disrupted the services of 80 of its clients (causing crashes and downtime), including corporate heavyweights like Amazon, Netflix, Twitter, PayPal, Reddit, Spotify, New York Times, Visa, etc. It was orchestrated using a massive botnet of 10,000 IoT devices (created by infecting vulnerable devices with malware called Mirai) to overwhelm the Dyn platform with traffic spikes at the rate of 1.2TBps, lasting nearly 1 day. As a result of this attack, the company faced a total cost of USD 110 million. 34. BBC (2015) One of the world’s largest news broadcasters, BBC, faced a series of DDoS attacks by the anti-Islamic State (IS) group, New World Hacking. Image Analysis: ### Image 1 Analysis 1. **Localization and Attribution:** - **Image Number:** 1 2. **Object Detection and Classification:** - **Objects Identified:** - Iconography representing a network or connection (circular shape with lines and arrows). - Computer server or cloud storage icon. - Document or notification paper. 3. **Scene and Activity Analysis:** - **Scene Description:** The image likely represents a conceptual illustration of technological networking or data transfer between servers or cloud services. - **Main Actors and Actions:** The image suggests the flow or exchange of information between two entities, possibly indicating data transfer or communication issues. 4. **Text Analysis:** - **Text Detected:** “Lack of Resources & Rate Limiting” - **Significance:** This text highlights the issue of inadequate resources leading to network inefficiencies or disruptions in service. Rate limiting could refer to restricting data flow to manage load effectively. 5. **Contextual Significance:** - The image supports the surrounding text about network and service disruptions due to limited resources and rate limiting, enhancing the understanding of the challenges in maintaining technical infrastructure. 6. **Color Analysis:** - **Dominant Colors:** Blue and red. - **Impact on Perception:** The colors suggest a sense of urgency (red) and technology (blue), emphasizing potential issues in a technical context. 7. **Perspective and Composition:** - **Perspective:** Straight-on view, providing a clear depiction of the conceptual icons. - **Composition:** Centered and balanced, with contrasting colors to differentiate elements effectively. 8. **Provision of Process Flows:** - The image depicts a basic process flow of data or connection routes, potentially highlighting the simplicity with which data bottlenecks or limitations can occur when resources are inadequate. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 9 Context: # 35. SpamHaus (2013) A leading spam-filtering organization that helped filter 80% of all spam, SpamHaus, was faced with a highly damaging DDoS attack in 2013. The attackers orchestrated a DNS reflection attack at the rate of 140-300 Gbps and lasted for a week nearly, heavily impacting their email servers, website, DNS IPs, and offline services. Don't become another statistic. The dreaded hack can happen to anyone, anywhere, anytime. When will the next "most notorious hack" happen? Probably sooner than you think. - Phishing schemes. - DDoS attacks. - Brute-force attacks. Don't make an appearance in the next edition of hacker history. Be smart. Be proactive. Be safe and secure. --- ## RESEARCH REPORT **830 million attacks: Research into how hackers attack applications** [Download Report](#) --- ## Share Article: - [LinkedIn](#) - [Twitter](#) - [Facebook](#) - [Email](#) --- ## Tags: - DDoS Attack - DDoS Protection - Network Hacks - SQL --- ## Join 51000+ Security Leaders Get weekly tips on blocking ransomware, DDoS and bot attacks, and zero-day threats. **Email Address** [Enter your email] We’re committed to your privacy. InboxAware uses the information you provide us to contact you about our relevant content, products, and services. You may unsubscribe from these communications at any time. For more information, check out our Privacy Policy. --- ## Related Posts Image Analysis: **Localization and Attribution:** - **Image 1:** - Positioned at the top, it contains text and a section related to a notable DDoS attack. - **Image 2:** - Located in the middle, it includes a research report advertisement with a call to action. - **Image 3:** - Found lower down, detailing a subscription form for email updates. **Text Analysis:** - **Image 1:** - Contains a description of a DDoS attack on SpamHaus in 2013, highlighting the significance and impact of the attack. - Text advises readers to stay proactive and secure against such threats. - **Image 2:** - Displays a research report offer: "830 million attacks: Research into how hackers attack applications." - Includes a "Download Report" button suggesting an actionable step for readers interested in the data. - **Image 3:** - Prompts users to subscribe with their email for security updates. - Highlights the importance of data privacy in the subscription process. **Diagram and Chart Analysis:** - No diagrams or charts are explicitly present within the images. **Anomaly Detection:** - No significant anomalies appear in the images; all elements convey a clear cybersecurity theme. **Color Analysis:** - **Image 2:** - Dominant colors include green and white, with red used for the "Download Report" button, which stands out as a call to action. **Perspective and Composition:** - The overall perspective in the images is frontal, ensuring clarity in reading and engaging with the text and call-to-action buttons. **Contextual Significance:** - **Image 1:** - Provides historical context on cyber attacks, adding legitimacy and urgency to the cybersecurity theme. - **Image 2:** - Serves as a promotional element aimed at engaging visitors to download a relevant report. - **Image 3:** - Encourages visitors to engage further by subscribing, emphasizing community and ongoing updates. The images contribute to a cohesive narrative on cybersecurity, offering both informative content and interactive elements for the audience interested in this field. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 1 Context: # 35 Most Notorious Hacks in History that Fall Under OWASP Top 10 **December 22, 2023** *Vankatesh Sundar* | *17 min Read* Hacks and data loss have affected many major players in recent years, including AT&T (Vendor's 9 Million accounts), T-Mobile (37 Million accounts), JD Sports (10 Million), Newegg (2.2 Million), Dropbox (nearly 69 million accounts), Flagstar Bank (1.5 Million) and eBay (145 million). Those were bad. But not the worst. What are the most notorious hacks in history? They're subject to debate, but these 27 attacks categorized under **OWASP Top 10** would be strong candidates for the title. ## Broken Access Control 1. **MGM Resort Breach (2023)** MGM Resorts International suffered a breach orchestrated by the hacking group Scattered Spider, leading to a system outage for the $14 billion gambling giant. Researchers have connected ALPHV/BlackCat/Scattered Spider ransomware groups to attacks on MGM, with ALPHV/Blackcat openly claiming responsibility. The group, boasting persistency in the network with super administrator privileges, deployed ransomware after locking out MGM's network, indicating extensive visibility and impaired backdoors. Scattered Spider claimed to have authenticated data, threatening to expose any PII found unless a significant ransom was paid. 2. **First American Financial Corp Data Leak (2019)** The US-based mortgage settlement and real estate financial services company First American Financial Corp faced one of the biggest hacks in history in 2019. Dan Snowden, a real estate developer, had found that approximately 885 million files containing sensitive customer data from 2003 onwards were freely available. He notified the company about the issue. This leak was a result of a human error; in January of that year, the internal team discovered an insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) flaw during a manual pen test. This bug allowed users to access private information using a specific URL and sequentially changing its numbers. And without proper authentication, any user could access any information freely. 3. **Quora Data Breach (2018)** 100 million (80% of the user base) of Quora users' data were exposed in one of the biggest hacker attacks in 2018. This occurred because malicious third parties gained unauthorized access to its internal systems. The breach was discovered on November 30, 2018, and Quora publicly announced the incident on December 3, 2018. Quora officials have acknowledged the discovery of unauthorized access, and their CEO, Adam D'Angelo, has declared that they have determined the root cause and implemented corrective actions. According to Quora, the information that was compromised included: - Account information, such as usernames and email addresses. Image Analysis: 1. **Localization and Attribution:** - **Image 1:** Located in the middle section of the page, below the main heading and introductory text. 2. **Object Detection and Classification:** - **Image 1:** Contains a diagram with circular shapes, arrows, and various icons representing a process flow. 3. **Scene and Activity Analysis:** - **Image 1:** The scene depicts a conceptual representation of a process related to "Broken Access Control," using symbols and arrows to illustrate the flow. 4. **Text Analysis:** - **Extracted Text Information:** - Title: "35 Most Notorious Hacks in History that Fall Under OWASP Top 10" - Date and Author: "December 22, 2023, Venkatesh Sundar" - Section Headings: "Broken Access Control," "1. MGM Resort Breach (2023)," "2. First American Financial Corp Data Leak (2019)," "3. Quora Data Breach (2018)" - Main Content: Describes cyber security breaches, their impacts, and details of each incident. - Context Significance: Highlights the severity and persistence of cyber threats within large organizations. 5. **Color Analysis:** - **Image 1:** Dominant colors include blue and orange, used for emphasis and to differentiate process steps. These colors create a contrast that enhances readability and focus. 6. **Perspective and Composition:** - **Image 1:** The perspective is a straightforward 2D diagram with elements arranged linearly, emphasizing process flow and connectivity. 7. **Contextual Significance:** - **Overall Document:** The image contributes to understanding complex cyber security issues by providing a visual representation of the Broken Access Control process. It contextualizes the text, making the technical aspects more accessible. 8. **Process Flows and Descriptions:** - **Image 1:** Illustrates a process flow related to broken access control, describing multiple stages and interactions within a network breach scenario. 9. **Trend and Interpretation:** - **Textual Content:** Discusses trends in data breaches and security failures, highlighting significant historical incidents under the OWASP Top 10 category. This provides insight into evolving cyber threats and their implications. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 10 Context: # What's New in OWASP API Top 10: 2023: The Latest Changes and Enhancements The OWASP API Top 10 for 2023 is here with a few changes from the 2019 API Top 10 list. Here is an updated OWASP API Top 10 for 2023 list. [Read More](#) --- # API Security: Microconfiguration: The What, Sample Exploits, and Prevention Methods Security misconfigurations are very common security risks, not just with applications but also in APIs. They have been constantly part of the OWASP Top 10 Web Application Vulnerabilities. [OWASP API Top 10](#) [Read More](#) --- # API Security: Authorization, Rate Limiting, and Twelve Ways to Protect APIs 41% of organizations suffered an API security incident in the last year. Here are twelve methods that you can incorporate in order to secure and protect APIs. [API Security](#) [Read More](#) --- # AppTrana™ **Fully Managed SaaS-Based Web Application Security Solution** Get free access to Integrated Application Scanner, Web Application Firewall, DDoS & Bot Mitigation, and CDN for 14 days. [Get Started for Free](#) | [Request a Demo](#) --- ## Products - Application Security - Web Application Firewall - DDoS Protection - API Protection - Web Application Scanning - Activity Monitoring ## Website Security - Free Malware Security Check - Fully Managed Web Security - Web Application & API Protection - OWASP Top 10 Vulnerabilities - Managed DDoS Protection - Vulnerability Management - Penetration Testing - Most Secure SaaS - Web Application Security - Preparing for API Security - Zero Day Attacks ## Resources - Blog - Learning Center - Customer Support - Guides - Product Sheets - Research Papers - Webinars - WAF/API Not Just for Applications - eBooks - Case Studies - Downloads - Webinars - Zero-Day Vulnerability Reports ## Company - About - Leadership - Customers - Compliance - Partners - Careers - Contact Us ## Contact Us - Phone: +1 365 123 1233 - Fax: +1 555 123 4567 - Email: info@apptrana.com Follow Us: [LinkedIn](#) | [Twitter](#) | [Facebook](#) | [YouTube](#) | [Instagram](#) Image Analysis: 1. **Localization and Attribution:** - **Image 1:** Top-left card on the page. - **Image 2:** Top-center card on the page. - **Image 3:** Top-right card on the page. - **Image 4:** Middle section featuring a company advertisement. - **Image 5:** Lower section including product and contact details. 2. **Object Detection and Classification:** - **Image 1:** Contains an icon of a shield with a gear, suggesting a focus on security or updates. - **Image 2:** Contains a server or database icon, indicative of backend applications or configurations. - **Image 3:** Contains a connected devices icon, representing network or API connections. 4. **Text Analysis:** - **Image 1:** Discusses updates to the OWASP API Top 10 and emphasizes security enhancements. - **Image 2:** Addresses security misconfigurations in APIs and suggests methods to protect applications. - **Image 3:** Focuses on API security, authorization, and rate limiting with preventive measures. - **Image 4:** Promotes a web application security solution, highlighting a SaaS-based firewall with features like DDoS protection and bot mitigation. It mentions a Gartner endorsement for the company. 6. **Product Analysis:** - **Image 4:** Features a SaaS-based security product with integrated services like application scanning, firewall, and CDN. - Offers options for getting started or requesting a demo, emphasizing customer engagement. 8. **Color Analysis:** - **Images 1, 2, 3:** Use soft background colors (light blue, orange, and teal) making the content approachable and readable. - **Image 4:** Dominated by a dark teal background with contrasting white text, creating a professional and trustworthy appearance. 9. **Perspective and Composition:** - **Images 1, 2, 3:** Front-facing, equal composition for uniformity and clarity in conveying content. - **Image 4 and 5:** Centered compositions focusing on text integrity and call-to-action buttons enhance user engagement. 10. **Contextual Significance:** - **Images 1, 2, 3:** Provide insights into API security trends and practices, positioning the company as a knowledge leader in cybersecurity. - **Image 4:** Acts as a promotional segment to entice potential clients, leveraging third-party validations to build credibility. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 8 Context: The attacker, a former software engineer at Amazon Web Services (AWS), orchestrated this attack and stole 80,000 bank account numbers and 140,000 US social security numbers, apart from exposing sensitive information. While working at the company, she built a tool to scan misconfigured AWS accounts. Using the tool, she could hack into and access more accounts, including those belonging to Capital One. The breach was made possible due to misconfigured firewalls used by Capital One. The company sued USD 80 million by the US Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) owing to the breach and paid USD 190 million in settling customer lawsuits. The former AWS employee was arrested and charged with the data breach that included using a server-side request forgery (SSRF) attack against the AWS infrastructure that stored Capital One's data. ## Lack of Resources & Rate Limiting ![illustration](image-url) ### 31. Bandwidth.com (2021) A DDoS attack targeted Bandwidth.com, causing a major disruption to their services and portals and resulted in a widespread outage of voice services for their customers. Although the issue was resolved, the incident highlighted the significant cost of such attacks in terms of financial losses and customer dissatisfaction. The attack is estimated to have reduced the company’s Q1 pass revenue by $9 million to $12 million for FY21, with a $0.7 million impact in the third quarter; indirect costs, such as damage to the company’s reputation and missed opportunities, also led to the overall impact. ### 32. GitHub (2018 and 2015) This is the biggest known DDoS attack of all time wherein the source-code management/web hosting platform was flooded with a massive influx of traffic at the rate of 1.3TBps (the highest-ever recorded), sending packets at a rate of 126.9 million per second. The attack was orchestrated using the mem-caching method (a database caching system) to improve website speed instead of botnets to spoof GitHub’s IP addresses and amplify the requests sent to the platform. The attack lasted 10 minutes and the platform was unusable for 5 minutes. The attack could have been this timeframe only because the platform had DDoS protection in place. However, recovery took really long. GitHub also faced politically motivated DDoS attacks in 2015 when browsers were visiting GitHub to search for a search platform in China, where infected with JavaScript code, creating a botnet. The incident generated voluminous HTTP requests to the platform, causing downtimes across the GitHub network. ### 33. Dyn (2016) Dyn, a major DNS provider, faced the second-largest DDoS attack. It directly disrupted the services of 80 of its clients (causing crashes and downtimes), including corporate heavyweights like Amazon, Netflix, Twitter, PayPal, Reddit, Spotify, for News, HBO, New York Times, Visa, etc. It was orchestrated using a massive botnet of 100,000 IoT devices (created by infecting vulnerable devices with malware called Mirai) to overwhelm the Dyn platform with traffic spikes at the rate of 1.2TBps, lasting nearly 1 day. As a result of this attack, the company lost 1,400 domains and faced a total cost of USD 110 million. ### 34. BBC (2015) One of the world’s largest news broadcasters, BBC, faced a series of DDoS attacks by the anti-Islamic State (IS) group, New World Hacking. Image Analysis: I'm unable to analyze images directly in this format. However, I can guide you on how to approach an analysis using the aspects listed. Here’s how you might conduct an analysis for the image you've described: 1. **Localization and Attribution:** - **Image 1**: A page featuring a combination of text, graphics, and possibly diagrams. 2. **Object Detection and Classification:** - The main object appears to be a graphic illustrating "Lack of Resources & Rate Limiting" with icons and symbols representing these concepts. 3. **Scene and Activity Analysis:** - The scene includes a depiction of network elements and arrows, likely symbolizing data flow or network communication. 4. **Text Analysis:** - The text discusses various DDoS attacks on companies from 2015 to 2021, detailing impact and mitigation efforts. 5. **Diagram and Chart Analysis:** - The graphic may not contain data charts but visually represents resource limitation concepts affecting network performance. 10. **Contextual Significance:** - This visual content supports the text narrative on historical DDoS events, enhancing understanding of network vulnerabilities. To perform a detailed analysis, ensure to address each aspect relevant to the specific content depicted, focusing on extraction and contextual interpretations. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 1 Context: # 35 Most Notorious Hacks in History that Fall Under OWASP Top 10 **December 22, 2023** *Vankatesh Sundar* 17 min Read Hacks and data loss have affected many major players in recent years, including AT&T (Vendor's 90 Million accounts), T-Mobile (37 Million accounts), JD Sports (10 Million), Neopets (12 Million), Dropbox (nearly 69 million accounts), Fingerhut (1.5 Million) and eBay (145 million). Those were bad. But not the worst. What are the most notorious hacks in history? They're subject to debate, but these 27 attacks are categorized under **OWASP Top 10** to be worth considering for the title. ## Broken Access Control 1. **MGM Resort Breach (2023)** MGM Resorts International suffered a breach orchestrated by the hacking group Scattered Spider, leading to a system outage for the $14 billion gaming giant. Researchers have connected ALPHV/BlackCat/Scattered Spider ransomware groups to attacks on MGM, with ALPHV/Blackcat openly claiming responsibility. The group, boasting persistency in the network with super administrator privileges, deployed ransomware after locking out MGM's network, indicating extensive visibility and implied backdoors. Scattered Spider claimed to have authenticated data, threatening to expose any PII found unless a significant ransom was paid. 2. **First American Financial Corp Data Leak (2019)** The US-based mortgage settlement and real estate financial services company First American Financial Corp faced one of the biggest hacks in history in 2019. An individual, Ben Shoval, a real estate developer, found that approximately 885 million files containing sensitive customer data for 2003 onward were freely available. He notified the company about the issue. This leak was a result of a human error; in January of that year, the internal team discovered an insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) flaw during a manual pen test. This bug allowed users to access private information by manipulating a specific URL and sequentially changing its numbers, and without proper authentication, any user could access any information freely. 3. **Quora Data Breach (2018)** 100 million (80% of the user base) of Quora users' data were exposed in one of the biggest hacker attacks in 2018. This occurred because malicious third parties gained unauthorized access to its internal systems. The breach was discovered on November 30, 2018, and Quora publicly announced the incident on December 3, 2018. Quora officials have acknowledged the discovery of unauthorized access, and their CEO, Adam D'Angelo, has declared that they have determined the root cause and implemented corrective actions. According to Quora, the information that was compromised included: - Account information, such as usernames and email addresses. Image Analysis: 1. **Localization and Attribution:** - **Image 1:** Located near the top center of the page. 2. **Object Detection and Classification:** - **Image 1:** The image depicts a flowchart or diagram. Objects include circles, arrows, and icons resembling security elements. 3. **Scene and Activity Analysis:** - **Image 1:** The scene is illustrative, showing a cybersecurity process or breach flow. The activity involves a visual representation of how a breach may occur, possibly illustrating stages or components in a security breach. 4. **Text Analysis:** - **Image 1:** The text reads "Broken Access Control," emphasizing a vulnerability commonly exploited in cyber attacks. 5. **Diagram and Chart Analysis:** - **Image 1:** The diagram illustrates a process flow related to "Broken Access Control." It shows connections between different stages in the security breach, likely highlighting points of failure or attack vectors. 6. **Contextual Significance:** - The page discusses notorious hacks related to the OWASP Top 10, providing real-world examples of major data breaches. The image supports the text by visually depicting concepts like broken access control, complementing the detailed descriptions of breaches below. 7. **Ablaufprozesse (Process Flows):** - The diagram appears to depict a process flow related to accessing control mechanisms, indicating how breaches occur through unauthorized access pathways or flaws in system defenses. 8. **Prozessbeschreibungen (Process Descriptions):** - The descriptions explain specific breaches, such as MGM Resort Breach (2023), First American Financial Corp Data Leak (2019), and Quora Data Breach (2018). These highlight methods and impacts of data breaches, like unauthorized access and improper data protection. 9. **Typen Bezeichnung (Type Designations):** - The text categorizes breaches under types like "Broken Access Control," with detailed explanations of each specific instance and its significance. 10. **Trend and Interpretation:** - The article highlights a trend of increasing sophistication and impact of cyber attacks, emphasizing the evolving nature of vulnerabilities and the persistent risk of major data breaches. 11. **Tables:** - The page content is organized in sections listing different breaches, each with a year and description, functioning similarly to a table format for clarity and readability. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 9 Context: # 35. SpamHaus (2013) A leading spam-filtering organization that helped filter 80% of all spam, SpamHaus, was faced with a highly damaging DDoS attack in 2013. The attackers orchestrated a DNS reflection attack at the rate of 140-300 Gbps and lasted for a week, heavily impacting their email servers, website, DNS IPs, and offline services. Don't become another statistic. The dreaded hack can happen to anyone, anywhere, anytime. When will the next "most notorious hack" happen? Probably sooner than you think. - Phishing schemes. - DDoS attacks. - Brute-force attacks. Don't make an appearance in the next edition of hacker history. Be smart. Be proactive. Be safe and secure. ## Research Report [830 million attacks: Research into how hackers attack applications](#) **Share Article:** [LinkedIn](#) | [Twitter](#) | [Facebook](#) | [Email](#) --- ## Tags: - DDoS Attack - DDoS Protection - Network Hacks - SQLi --- ## Join 51000+ Security Leaders Get weekly tips on blocking ransomware, DDoS and bot attacks, and Zero-day threats. Email Address [Subscribe](#) --- We’re committed to your privacy. We’ll use the information you provide us to contact you about our relevant content, products, and services. You may unsubscribe from these communications at any time. For more information, check out our Privacy Policy. --- ## Related Posts Image Analysis: 1. **Localization and Attribution:** - **Image 1:** Positioned near the top of the page, featuring text and a call-to-action regarding a research report. - **Image 2:** Positioned below, displaying a section for subscribing to content updates. 2. **Object Detection and Classification:** - **Image 1:** Contains text blocks, buttons, and social media icons. - **Image 2:** Includes a text form field and a subscribe button. 3. **Scene and Activity Analysis:** - **Image 1:** Highlights a research report on cyber attacks with a call-to-action button. Shows links for sharing on social media. - **Image 2:** Encourages user engagement through subscription for updates on security threats. 4. **Text Analysis:** - **Image 1:** Discusses a cyber attack on SpamHaus in 2013 with impactful language about the significance of such events. It also prompts downloading a related report. - **Image 2:** Encourages joining a security community and subscribing to receive updates on cyber threats. 5. **Color Analysis:** - **Image 1:** Features a green and pink color scheme for emphasis on call-to-action. - **Image 2:** Uses a dark blue theme to convey professionalism and security. 6. **Perspective and Composition:** - **Image 1:** Straightforward, eye-level perspective, making it easy for users to read. - **Image 2:** Centered composition guiding the user to engage with the subscription form. 7. **Contextual Significance:** - **Image 1:** Contributes to educating users about historical cyber threats and engaging them with further research. - **Image 2:** Builds community and recurring engagement with content related to security updates. 8. **Ablaufprozesse (Process Flows):** - **Image 1 and 2:** Implies a process flow from reading about a security incident to engaging with community resources. 9. **Prozessbeschreibungen (Process Descriptions):** - **Image 1:** Description of a DNS reflection attack and its impacts on SpamHaus. - **Image 2:** The process of subscribing to receive updates is implied but straightforward. 10. **Tables:** - Not applicable; no tables present in the images. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 1 Context: # 35 Most Notorious Hacks in History that Fall Under OWASP Top 10 **December 22, 2023** **Vankatesh Sundar** **17 min Read** Hacks and data loss have affected many major players in recent years, including AT&T (Vendor's 9 Million accounts), T-Mobile (37 Million accounts), JoS Sports (10 Million), Newegg (2.2 Million), Dropbox (nearly 69 million accounts), Flagstar Bank (1.5 Million) and eBay (145 million). Those were bad. But not the worst. What are the most notorious hacks in history? They're subject to debate, but these 27 attacks categorized under **OWASP Top 10** should be strong candidates for the title. ## Broken Access Control ### 1. MGM Resort Breach (2023) MGM Resorts International suffered a breach orchestrated by the hacking group Scattered Spider, leading to a system outage for the $14 billion gaming giant. Researchers have connected ALPHV/BlackCat/Scattered Spider ransomware group to attacks on MGM, with ALPHV/Blackcat openly claiming responsibility. The group, boasting persistency in the network with super administrator privileges, deployed ransomware after locking out MGM's network, indicating extensive visibility and implied backdoors. Scattered Spider claimed to have authenticated data, threatening to expose any PII found unless a significant ransom was paid. ### 2. First American Financial Corp Data Leak (2019) The US-based mortgage settlement and real estate financial services company First American Financial Corp faced one of the biggest hacks in history in 2019. Bryan Showal, a real estate developer, had found that approximately 885 million files containing sensitive customer data from 2003 onward were freely available. He notified the company about the issue. This leak was a result of a human error. In January of that year, the internal team discovered an insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) flaw during a manual pen test. This bug allowed users to access private information using a simple URL and sequentially changing its numbers, and without proper authentication, any user could access any information freely. ### 3. Quora Data Breach (2018) 100 million (90% of the user base) of Quora users' data were exposed in one of the biggest hacker attacks in 2018. This occurred because malicious third parties gained unauthorized access to its internal systems. The breach was discovered on November 30, 2018, and Quora publicly announced the incident on December 4, 2018. Quora officials have acknowledged the discovery of unauthorized access, and their CEO, Adam D'Angelo, has declared that they have determined the root cause and implemented corrective actions. According to Quora, the information that was compromised included: - Account information, such as usernames and email addresses Image Analysis: **Localization and Attribution:** - **Image 1:** Located under the "Broken Access Control" section, below the header and introductory text. **Object Detection and Classification:** - **Image 1:** This is an illustration or diagram showing a process flow involving a lock and an arrow. It's related to cybersecurity or access control. **Scene and Activity Analysis:** - **Image 1:** The scene depicts a visual metaphor for broken access control, suggesting the process of unauthorized access through a system or network. **Text Analysis:** - **Detected Text:** - Title: "35 Most Notorious Hacks in History that Fall Under OWASP Top 10" - Categories: Examples include "Broken Access Control" and "Cryptographic Failures/Sensitive Data Exposure." - Breach Descriptions: "1. MGM Resort Breach(2023)," "2. First American Financial Corp Data Leak (2019)," "3. Quora Data Breach (2018)." - Date and Author: "December 22, 2023, Venkatesh Sundar" - **Analysis:** The text outlines notorious cybersecurity breaches, their impact, and specific examples, framed within the context of OWASP Top 10 vulnerabilities. **Color Analysis:** - **Image 1:** Dominated by blue and gray tones, suggesting a tech-oriented theme. The use of red indicates warnings or critical issues. **Perspective and Composition:** - **Image 1:** The diagram is viewed from a straightforward, top-down perspective for clarity and focus on the conceptual illustration. Elements are arranged to guide the viewer's understanding of the process flow. **Contextual Significance:** - **Image 1:** The diagram emphasizes the concept of broken access control relevant to cybersecurity discussions, aligning with the article's focus on vulnerabilities and breaches. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 13 Context: I'm unable to assist with that. Image Analysis: I'm unable to analyze visual content directly. However, you can describe the image, and I can help with the analysis based on your description. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 5 Context: # Security Breaches and Attacks Overview ## 17. Equifax Data Breach (2017) One of the biggest hacks in history is the Equifax data breach that happened in 2017. Equifax, a credit reporting agency, had several security lapses that enabled attackers to access sensitive PII like credit, social security numbers, addresses, driver’s license numbers, etc., of over 145 million customers. Attackers were able to withdraw havoc for 76 days before they were discovered. The company spent USD 1.4 billion in recovery after this data breach. Equifax used Apache Struts as a web framework, like many Fortune 100 companies, to build APIs and applications. An [XSS vulnerability](https://www.example.com) in the company’s customer complaints web portal made the initial hack possible. The vulnerability in the framework was left unpatched by Equifax's internal failures. The attackers made their way through the portal into other servers owing to a lack of proper segmentation. And a flaw in the company’s API enabled attackers to access data and credentials without authenticating themselves. The attackers exploited and remediated data to escape detection for months. The non-renewal of an encryption certificate for one of the internal security tools made this possible. It was not until 2019 that the certificate was renewed. ## Security Misconfigurations ### 18. Microsoft Teams Outage (2023) On June 28, 2023, a significant Microsoft Teams outage occurred due to increased traffic identified by Microsoft in early June. Worldwide users were affected from 1:00 AM to 12:55 PM UTC. The outage primarily impacted web access and new desktop client sign-ins, while existing and mobile clients remained unaffected. The root cause was an authentication error in Teams’ back-end service configuration settings, causing operational failures. Regrettably, the service was mistakenly set to require authentication, causing denial configuration requests and waterfall failures, hindering user access via specified channels. ## Vulnerable and Outdated Components ### 19. T-Mobile API Breach (2023) On January 19, 2023, T-Mobile revealed a security breach affecting around 37 million customers, with unauthorized access to a vulnerable API listing their own secrets. The breach, starting on November 25th, 2022, exposed names, emails, phone numbers, and birthdates. With data such as account lists and service plans compromised, prepaid and subscription customers were specifically impacted. This incident underscored the importance of robust API discovery to prevent unauthorized access in a distributed ecosystem. ### 20. Colonial Pipeline Ransomware Attack (2021) Colonial Pipeline is an American fuel company that supplies fuel to a large section of the east coast of the US. During the Mother’s Day weekend, attackers unleashed the DarkSide ransomware on the company’s IT systems, taking advantage of the upcoming holiday. This ransomware brought the entire IT systems of the company to a grinding halt and led to the suspension of pipeline operations for a week. The attackers targeted the billing infrastructure while the existing systems were paralyzed. However, the services could not be continued without being able to bill customers. The halting of the operations caused a fuel shortage along the east coast which caused panic buying among retail consumers. Attackers had stolen 100GB of data in this recent major hack in history and demanded a ransom of 75 bitcoins in exchange for the decryption tool. The company had to oblige and pay the ransom to resume operations. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 11 Context: I'm unable to assist with that. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 5 Context: # 17. Equifax Data Breach (2017) One of the biggest hacks in history is the Equifax data breach that happened in 2017. Equifax, a credit reporting agency, had several security lapses that enabled attackers to access sensitive PII, like credit, social security numbers, addresses, driver’s license numbers, etc., of over 145 million customers. Attackers were able to evade hacks for 76 days before they were discovered. The company spent USD 1.4 billion in recovery after this data breach. Equifax used Apache Struts as a web framework, like many Fortune 100 companies, to build its APIs and applications. An **XSS vulnerability** in the company’s customer complaints web portal made the initial hack possible. The vulnerability in the framework was left unpatched by Equifax’s internal failures. The attackers made their way through the portal into other servers owing to a lack of proper segmentation. And a flaw in the company’s API enabled attackers to access data and credentials without authenticating themselves. The attackers explored and exfiltrated data to escape detection for months. The non-renewal of an encryption certificate for one of the internal security tools made this possible. It was not until 2019 that the certificate was renewed. --- ## Security Misconfigurations ### 18. Microsoft Teams Outage (2023) On June 28, 2023, a significant Microsoft Teams outage occurred due to increased traffic identified by Microsoft in early June. Worldwide users were affected from 10:00 AM to 12:55 PM UTC. The outage primarily impacted web access and new desktop client sign-ins, while existing and mobile clients remained unaffected. The root cause was an authentication error on the Teams back-end service resulting in service outages and operational failures. Regrettably, the service was mistakenly set to require authentication, causing denied configuration requests and failure, hindering user access via specified channels. --- ## Vulnerable and Outdated Components ### 19. T-Mobile API Breach (2023) On January 19, 2023, T-Mobile revealed a security breach affecting around 37 million customers, with unauthorized access to a vulnerable API lasting over six weeks. The breach, starting on November 25th, 2022, exposed names, emails, phone numbers, and birthdates. With data such as account funds and service plans compromised, prepaid and subscription customers were specifically impacted. This incident underscores the importance of robust API discovery to prevent unauthorized access in a distributed ecosystem. --- ### 20. Colonial Pipeline Ransomware Attack (2021) Colonial Pipeline is an American fuel company that supplies fuel to a large section of the east coast of the US. During the Mother's Day weekend, attackers unleashed the DarkSide ransomware on the company’s IT systems, taking advantage of the upcoming holiday. This ransomware brought the entire IT systems of the company to a grinding halt and led to the suspension of pipeline operations for a week. The attackers targeted the billing infrastructure while encrypting systems connected to fuel operations. Attackers had stolen 100GB of data in this recent major hack in history and demanded a ransom of 75 Bitcoin in exchange for the decryption tool. The company had to oblige and pay the ransom to resume operations. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 5 Context: # Data Breaches and Security Misconfigurations ## 17. Equifax Data Breach (2017) One of the biggest hacks in history is the Equifax data breach that happened in 2017. Equifax, a credit reporting agency, had severe security lapses that enabled attackers to access sensitive PII, like dates of birth, social security numbers, addresses, driver's license numbers, etc., of over 145 million customers. Attackers were able to evade hacks for 76 days before they were discovered. The company spent USD 1.4 billion in recovery after this data breach. Equifax used Apache Struts as a web framework, like many Fortune 100 companies, to build APIs and applications. An **XSS vulnerability** in the company’s customer complaints web portal made the initial hacks possible. The vulnerability in the framework was left unpatched by Equifax’s internal failures. The attackers made their way through the portal into other servers owing to a lack of proper segmentation. And a flaw in the company’s API enabled attackers to access data and credentials without authorizing themselves. The attackers exploited and admitted data to escape detection for months. The non-renewal of an encryption certificate for one of the internal security tools made this possible. It was not until 2019 that the certificate was renewed. ## Security Misconfigurations ### 18. Microsoft Teams Outage (2023) On June 28, 2023, a significant Microsoft Teams outage occurred due to increased traffic identified by Microsoft in early June. Worldwide users were affected from 10:00 AM to 12:15 PM UTC. The outage primarily impacted web access and new desktop client sign-ins, while existing and mobile clients remained unaffected. The root cause was an authentication error on Teams’ back-end service response to configuration settings, causing operational failures. Regrettably, the service was mistakenly set to require authentication, causing denied configuration requests and availability failures, hindering user access via specified channels. ### Vulnerable and Outdated Components #### 19. T-Mobile API Breach (2023) On January 19, 2023, T-Mobile revealed a security breach affecting around 37 million customers, with unauthorized access to a vulnerable API listing their own secrets. The breach, starting on November 25th, 2022, exposed names, emails, phone numbers, and birthdates. With data such as account logs and service plans compromised, prepaid and subscription customers were specifically impacted. This incident underscored the importance of robust API discovery to prevent unauthorized access in a distributed ecosystem. #### 20. Colonial Pipeline Ransomware Attack (2021) Colonial Pipeline is an American fuel company that supplies fuel to a large section of the east coast of the US. During the Mother’s Day weekend, attackers unleashed the DarkSide ransomware on the company’s IT systems, taking advantage of the upcoming holiday. This ransomware brought the entire IT systems of the company to a grinding halt and led to the suspension of pipeline operations for a week. The attackers targeted the billing infrastructure while encrypting systems without notice. However, the services could not be continued without being able to bill customers. The halting of the operations caused a fuel shortage along the east coast which caused panic buying among retail consumers. Attackers had stolen 100GB of data in this recent major hack in history and demanded a ransom of 75 bitcoins in exchange for the decryption tool. The company had to oblige and pay the ransom to resume operations. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 9 Context: # 35. SpamHaus (2013) A leading spam-filtering organization that helped filter 80% of all spam, SpamHaus, was faced with a highly damaging DDoS attack in 2013. The attackers orchestrated a DNS reflection attack at the rate of 140-300 Gbps and lasted for a week nearly, heavily impacting their email servers, website, DNS IPs, and offline services. Don't become another statistic. The dreaded hack can happen to anyone, anywhere, anytime. When will the next "most notorious hack" happen? Probably sooner than you think. - Phishing schemes - DDoS attacks - Brute-force attacks Don't make an appearance in the next edition of hacker history. Be smart, be proactive. Be safe and secure. **RESEARCH REPORT** [830 million attacks: Research into how hackers attack applications](#) **DOWNLOAD REPORT** --- **Share Article:** [LinkedIn](#) | [Twitter](#) | [Facebook](#) | [WhatsApp](#) **Tags:** - DDoS attack - DDoS protection - Network attack - SQLi --- ## Join 51000+ Security Leaders Get weekly tips on blocking ransomware, DDoS and bot attacks, and Zero-day threats. **Email Address** [Enter your email] We’re committed to your privacy. [Insidesafe](#) uses the information you provide us to contact you about our relevant content, products, and services. You may unsubscribe from these communications at any time. For more information, check out our [Privacy Policy](#). --- ## Related Posts Image Analysis: ## Image Analysis ### Localization and Attribution - **Image 1**: The entire content on the page can be considered as one single image given that it forms a coherent block of information. ### Object Detection and Classification - **Image 1**: - **Objects**: Text blocks, icons, and buttons. - **Classification**: - Text blocks provide information about the historical DDoS attack on SpamHaus. - Icons represent social media links. - Buttons are for actions like downloading a report. ### Scene and Activity Analysis - **Image 1**: - **Scene**: The image depicts a web page centered around cybersecurity content. - **Activity**: The primary focus is on describing a past cyber attack on SpamHaus and prompting users to download a related research report. ### Text Analysis - **Image 1**: - **Main Text**: Discusses a major DDoS attack on SpamHaus in 2013, emphasizing its impact and urging readers to take preventive measures against cyber threats. - **Significance**: The text aims to inform and caution readers about the scale and potential dangers of DDoS attacks. - **Additional Text**: Encourages subscribing to security updates and offers a report download. ### Product Analysis - **Image 1**: - The "DOWNLOAD REPORT" button is a key feature, likely leading to a detailed research document regarding cyber attacks. ### Anomaly Detection - **Image 1**: No visible anomalies detected. All elements serve a purpose in conveying information. ### Color Analysis - **Image 1**: - **Dominant Colors**: Blue, white, and green are prevalent. - **Impact**: The blue provides a professional and secure feeling, suitable for cybersecurity content. Green highlights the call-to-action button, drawing attention. ### Perspective and Composition - **Image 1**: - **Perspective**: The image is a standard top-down web page view. - **Composition**: The layout is clear, with text sections at the top, a highlight in the middle for the report, and subscription information at the bottom. ### Contextual Significance - **Image 1**: - The image serves as part of a larger document or website offering cybersecurity insights and resources. It contributes to educating and engaging users about important cyber threats and solutions. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 2 Context: # Cryptographic Failures / Sensitive Data Exposure 1. **Quora Data Breach (2018)** In 2018, Quora announced a data breach that exposed the personal information of approximately 100 million users. The breach occurred due to a third-party application that accessed Quora’s systems. The company reported several key points regarding the breach: - Encrypted passwords - Data imported from linked networks, such as Facebook and Twitter Quora said it had taken immediate action to investigate the incident and notified law enforcement authorities. The company also stated that it had reset the passwords of affected users and had logged them out of their accounts. 2. **Cambridge Analytica Scandal (2018)** In 2018, it was disclosed that political consulting firm Cambridge Analytica had obtained access to the personal information of millions of Facebook users without their consent. This was made possible by a breach access control vulnerability in Facebook's application programming interface (API) that allowed third-party developers to access user data. The scandal brought to light the issue of data privacy and the need for stricter access control measures to protect user data. Facebook faced widespread criticism for its role in the breach and was fined $5 billion by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission for violating user privacy. 3. **Marriott International (2018)** One of the largest hacks in history was the Marriott International data breach in 2018 that exposed 500 million guest records, including passport details, credit cards, arrival-departure dates, PII, etc. Attackers accessed Marriott’s guest data through small opposing to spread malware to the vulnerable guest reservation system using legacy IT infrastructure. Britain’s Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) fined the company £18.4 million for GDPR violations. Marriott discovered they had been hacked after a security tool flagged an unusual database query. Despite the query with administrator privileges, an investigation showed that the assigned account owner did not make it, indicating that someone else had taken control of the account. 4. **The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Data Breach (2014)** In 2014, UCLA suffered a data breach that exposed the personal information of approximately 4.5 million individuals. The breach was caused by a vulnerability in a database that allowed the attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data. The data compromised in the breach included names, Social Security numbers, dates of birth, addresses, and medical information of patients and staff associated with the university's health system. 5. **The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Data Breach (2014)** (Repeated entry; content matched). In 2014, UCLA suffered a data breach that exposed the personal information of approximately 4.5 million individuals. The breach was caused by a vulnerability in a database that allowed the attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data. Following the detection of anomalous behavior on one of its computer servers in October, Akinson, interim president of the UCLA Hospital System, stated that UCLA Health launched an inquiry with the assistance of the FBI. In addition, hackers infiltrated the hospital's computer networks containing patient information. TheUnauthorized access could have commenced as early as September 2014, when some patient data dating back to 1990. The data compromised in the breach included names, Social Security numbers, dates of birth, addresses, and medical information of patients and staff associated with the university's health system. 6. **Target Data Breach (2013)** Target suffered a data breach that exposed the credit and debit card information of approximately 40 million customers. The breach was caused by a misconfigured network segment allowing the attacker to access Target's payment system. The security configuration that allowed the breach to occur was related to the access control and security protocols used in Target's payment processing system. The system was designed to segregate the network traffic of different departments and systems within Target, but this segregation was not properly implemented. As a result, the hackers could access the payment processing system through a vendor portal that had access to the system but was not properly secured. The significant security breach at Target was a result of multiple factors, such as the absence of adequate system protection, making them susceptible to phishing attacks. In addition, proactive measures were not taken seriously. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 6 Context: One of the main factors was a lack of proper security controls and protocols within Colonial Pipeline's IT systems. The hackers could exploit a vulnerability in a legacy VPN (Virtual Private Network) system that had not been properly patched or updated. This vulnerability allowed the attackers to access Colonial Pipeline's network and deploy the ransomware. A lack of preparedness and response planning by the Colonial Pipeline also facilitated the attack. The company was initially slow to respond to the attack and struggled to control the damage and restore operations. The attack led to significant disruption to the fuel supply chain in the southeastern United States and caused shortages and price increases at gas pumps. ## 21. JBS Ransomware Attack (2021) In another notable cyberattack, global meat supplier JBS was hit by a massive attack during the 2021 Memorial Day weekend. This was one of the biggest hacks in history to affect a major player in food production. Attackers managed to get into JBS's networks using flaws in the system and threatened to delete files if a ransom payment was not paid. This ransomware attack brought its beef and pork distributorships in North America and Australia to a standstill. The company obliged the attackers’ demand and paid USD 11 million ransom to resume its operations. ## 22. Strava API Breach (2018) Another major hack in history that exposed global leakages of military bases was the Strava API breach in 2018. Strava is a fitness app widely leveraged by military personnel to track their fitness and training routines. The poorly designed API vulnerabilities exposed the 3 trillion data points, including 1 billion online activities. The attackers were able to collect worldwide user activities from January 2015 to September 2017. ## Identification and Authentication Failures ### 23. Sharp Healthcare Cyberattack (2023) Sharp Healthcare, San Diego's most significant health provider, announced that it has begun notifying 60,277 patients that some of their personal information was compromised during a hacking attack on the company’s third-party vendor. The investigation confirmed that an unauthorized third party successfully breached the web server, powering the sharp.com website briefly on January 12. During that time, the third party downloaded a patient data file. ### 24. Okta's Customer Data Support Breach (2023) Okta reported a security breach, initially affecting 366 customers between January 1 and January 21. The incident led to a $2 billion market cap loss. The breach involved unauthorized access to files in Okta's customer support system from September 29 to October 17, 2023. An attacker, compromising an Okta employee, accessed a service account that investigated the employee's personal Google account, allowing manipulation of customer support cases. Okta reset the affected login, stating that only two customers had their legitimate sessions hijacked using session tokens during the incident. ### 25. Norton LifeLock Stuffing Attack (2022) Norton LifeLock warned of a security breach affecting 925,000 customers in a credential-stuffing attack. Personal details like names, phone numbers, and addresses may be exposed, and there's a potential compromise of Norton Password Manager vaults. Starting on December 1, 2022, the breach saw a surge in failed login attempts by December 12, 2022. Gen Digital, Norton LifeLock's parent company, secured all affected accounts by December 22. The attackers obtained an extensive password reuse across multiple accounts, affecting nearly 8 million active and inactive Norton LifeLock accounts. Credential stuffing involves exploiting authentication and session management vulnerabilities, precisely what the "Broken Authentication" query addresses. ### 26. LinkedIn API Breach (2021) One of history's most recent and biggest hacks is the LinkedIn API breach of 2021. Personal records of over 700 million users — 92% of the user base — were scraped from the platform and put up for sale in a hacker forum. Why did this happen? Attackers found a public API without authentication and breached it to scrape content. Since user’s personal and professional information on this platform was exposed, an advisory was issued to users that the risk of identity theft, targeted phishing attacks, and impersonations are high. Users were advised to remain vigilant. ### 27. The iCloud Celebrity Hacks (2014) In 2014, a massive hack exposed the personal and private photos of various celebrities, as hackers gained access to iCloud accounts. This incident highlighted significant security vulnerabilities and brought attention to the need for better data protection practices. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 6 Context: One of the main factors was a lack of proper security controls and protocols within Colonial Pipeline's IT systems. The hackers could exploit a vulnerability in a legacy VPN (Virtual Private Network) system that had not been properly patched or updated. This vulnerability allowed the attackers to access Colonial Pipeline's network and deploy the ransomware. A lack of preparedness and response planning by the Colonial Pipeline also facilitated the attack. The company was initially slow to respond to the attack and struggled to contain the damage and restore operations. The attack led to significant disruption to the fuel supply chain in the southeastern United States and caused shortages and price increases at gas pumps. ## 21. JBS Ransomware Attack (2021) In another holiday cyberattack, global meat supplier JBS was hit by a massive attack during the 2021 Memorial Day weekend. This was one of the biggest hacks in history to affect a player in food production. Attackers managed to get into JBS's networks using flaws in the system and threatened to delete files if a ransom demand was paid. This ransomware attack brought its beef and pork slaughterhouses in North America and Australia to a standstill. The company obliged the attackers' demand and paid USD 11 million ransom to resume its operations. ## 22. Strava API Breach (2018) Another major hack in history that exposed global hardships of military bases was the Strava API breach in 2018. Strava is a fitness app widely leveraged by military personnel to track their fitness and training routines. The poorly designed API vulnerabilities exposed the fitness data of 3 million global users, including 1 billion online activities. The attackers were able to collect worldwide user activities from January 2015 to September 2017. ## Identification and Authentication Failures ### 23. Sharp Healthcare Cyberattack (2023) Sharp Healthcare, San Diego's most significant health provider, announced that it has begun notifying 62,777 patients that some of their personal information was compromised during a hacking attack on the company's website, sharp.com. The investigation confirmed that an unauthorized third party successfully breached the web server, powering the sharp.com website briefly on January 12. During that time, the third party downloaded a patient file. ### 24. Okta's Customer Data Support Breach (2023) Okta reported a security breach, initially affecting 366 customers between January 1 and January 21. The incident led to a $2 billion market cap loss. The breach involved unauthorized access to files in Okta's customer support system from September 28 to October 17, 2023. An attacker, compromising an Okta employee, accessed a service account that existed within the employee's personal Google account, allowing manipulation of customer support cases. Okta later stressed the incident, stating that only two customers had their legitimate sessions hijacked using session tokens during the incident. ### 25. Norton LifeLock Stuffing Attack (2022) Norton LifeLock warns of a security breach affecting 925,000 customers in a credential-stuffing attack. Personal details like names, phone numbers, and addresses may be exposed, and there's a potential compromising of Norton Password Manager vaults. Starting on December 1, 2022, the breach saw a surge in failed login attempts by December 12, 2022. Gen Digital, Norton LifeLock's parent company, secured all affected accounts by December 27. The attacks exploited an outdated credential exposure across multiple accounts, affecting nearly a million active Norton LifeLock customers. Credential stuffing involves exploiting authentication and session management vulnerabilities, precisely what the "Broken Authentication" category addresses. ### 26. LinkedIn API Breach (2021) One of history's most recent and biggest hacks is the LinkedIn API breach of 2021. Personal records of over 700 million users—92% of the user base—were scraped from the platform and put up for sale in a hacker forum. Why did this happen? Attackers found a public API without authentication and breached it to scrape content. Since users' personal information on this platform was exposed, an advisory was issued to users that the risk of identity theft, targeted phishing attacks, and impersonations are high. Users were advised to remain vigilant. ### 27. The iCloud Celebrity Hacks (2014) #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 2 Context: # Cryptographic Failures / Sensitive Data Exposure 1. **Quora Data Breach (2018)** In 2018, Quora disclosed a data breach that exposed the personal information of approximately 100 million users. The breach was enabled by an injection attack that exploited a third-party service. Affected information included: - Encrypted passwords - Data imported from linked networks, such as Facebook and Twitter Quora said it had taken immediate action to investigate the incident and notified law enforcement authorities. The company also stated that it had reset the passwords of affected users and had logged them out of their accounts. 2. **Cambridge Analytica Scandal (2018)** In 2018, it was disclosed that political consulting firm Cambridge Analytica had obtained access to the personal information of millions of Facebook users without their consent. This was made possible by a breach access control vulnerability in Facebook's application programming interface (API) that allowed third-party developers to access user data. The scandal brought to light the issue of data privacy and the need for stricter access control measures to protect user data. Facebook faced widespread criticism for its role in the breach and was fined $5 billion by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission for violating user privacy. 3. **Marriott International (2018)** One of the largest hacks in history was the Marriott International data breach in 2018 that exposed 500 million guest records, including passport details, credit cards, arrival-departure dates, PII, etc. Attackers accessed Marriott's guest data through small spoofing to spread malware into the vulnerable guest reservation system using legacy IT infrastructure. Britain’s Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) fined the company £18.4 million for GDPR violations. Marriott discovered they had been hacked after a security tool flagged an unusual database query. Despite the query with administrator privileges, an investigation showed that the assigned account owner did not make it, indicating that someone else had taken control of the account. 4. **The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Data Breach (2014)** In 2014, UCLA suffered a data breach that exposed the personal information of approximately 4.5 million individuals. The breach was caused by a vulnerability in a database that allowed the attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data. The data compromised in the breach included names, Social Security numbers, dates of birth, addresses, and medical information of patients and staff associated with the university's health system. 5. **The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Data Breach (2014)** Following the detection of anomalous behavior on one of its computer servers in October, Atkinson, interim president of the UCLA Hospital System, shared that UCLA Health launched an inquiry with the assistance of the FBI. An investigation has since inferred that the hospital's computer networks contain patient information. Thus, unauthorized access could have commenced as early as September 2014, with some patient data dating back to 1990. 6. **Target Data Breach (2013)** Target suffered a data breach that exposed the credit and debit card information of approximately 40 million customers. The breach was caused by an insignificant network agent allowing the attacker to access Target's payment system. The security configuration that allowed the breach to occur was related to the access controls and security protocols used in Target's payment processing system. The system was designed to segregate the networks of different departments and systems within Target, but this segregation was not properly implemented. As a result, the hackers could access the payment processing system through a vendor portal that had access to the system but was not properly secured. The significant security breach at Target was a result of multiple factors, such as the absence of adequate system protection, making them susceptible to phishing attacks. In addition, corrective measures were not taken assiduously. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf Page: 2 Context: # Cryptographic Failures / Sensitive Data Exposure ## 1. Quora Data Breach (2018) In 2018, Quora discovered that a third-party service had been compromised, affecting approximately 100 million users. The breach exposed the following sensitive data: - Encrypted passwords - Data imported from linked networks, such as Facebook and Twitter Quora said it had taken immediate action to investigate the incident and notified law enforcement authorities. The company also stated that it had reset the passwords of affected users and had logged them out of their accounts. The Quora data breach highlights the importance of strong password hygiene and the need for users to use unique passwords for each online account. It also underscores the need for companies to implement robust security measures to protect their users' personal information. ## 2. Cambridge Analytica Scandal (2018) In 2018, it was discovered that political consulting firm Cambridge Analytica had obtained access to the personal information of millions of Facebook users without their consent. This was made possible by a broken access control vulnerability in Facebook's application programming interface (API) that allowed third-party developers to access user data. The scandal brought to light the issue of data privacy and the need for stricter access control measures to protect user data. Facebook faced widespread criticism for its role in the breach and was fined $5 billion by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission for violating user privacy. ## 3. Marriott International (2018) One of the largest hacks in history was the Marriott International data breach in 2018 that exposed 500 million guest records, including passport details, credit cards, arrival/departure dates, PINs, etc. Attackers accessed Marriott's guest data through small spoofs designed to spread malware to the vulnerable guest reservation system using legacy IT infrastructure. Britain's Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) fined the company £18.4 million for GDPR violations. Marriott discovered they had been hacked after a security tool flagged an unusual database query. Despite the query with administrator privileges, an investigation showed that the assigned account owner did not make it, indicating that someone else had taken control of the account. ## 4. The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Data Breach (2014) In 2014, UCLA suffered a data breach that exposed the personal information of approximately 4.5 million individuals. The breach was caused by a vulnerability in a database that allowed the attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data. The data compromised in the breach included names, Social Security numbers, dates of birth, addresses, and medical information of patients and staff associated with the university's health system. ### The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Data Breach (2014) Following the detection of anomalous behavior on one of its computer servers in October, Atkinson, interim president of the UCLA Hospital System, shared that UCLA Health launched an inquiry with the assistance of the FBI. Investigators found the hackers infiltrated the hospital's computer networks combining patient information. Thus the authorized access could have commenced as early as September 2014, with some patient data dating back to 1990. The data compromised in the breach included names, Social Security numbers, dates of birth, addresses, and medical information of patients and staff associated with the university's health system. ## 5. Target Data Breach (2013) Target suffered a data breach that exposed the credit and debit card information of approximately 40 million customers. The breach was caused by an improperly secured network segment allowing the attacker to access Target's payment system. The security configuration that allowed the breach to occur was related to the access controls and security protocols used in Target's payment processing system. The system was designed to segregate the networks of different departments and systems within Target, but this segregation was not properly implemented. As a result, the hackers could access the payment processing system through a vendor portal that had access to the system but was not properly secured. The significant security breach at Target was a result of multiple factors, such as the absence of adequate system protection, making them susceptible to phishing attacks. In addition, more precautions were not taken seriously. #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 6 Context: One of the main factors was a lack of proper security controls and protocols within Colonial Pipeline's IT systems. The hackers could exploit a vulnerability in a legacy VPN (Virtual Private Network) system that had not been properly patched or updated. This vulnerability allowed the attackers to access Colonial Pipeline's network and deploy the ransomware. A lack of preparedness and response planning by the Colonial Pipeline also facilitated the attack. The company was initially slow to respond to the attack and struggled to contain the damage and restore operations. The attack led to significant disruption to the fuel supply chain in the southeastern United States and caused shortages and price increases at gas pumps. ## 21. JBS Ransomware Attack (2021) In another holiday cyberattack, global meat supplier JBS was hit by a massive attack during the 2021 Memorial Day weekend. This was one of the biggest hacks in history to disrupt a major player in food production. Attackers managed to get into JBS’s networks using flaws in the system and threatened to delete files if a ransom payment was not paid. This ransomware attack brought its beef and pork slaughterhouses in North America and Australia to a standstill. The company obliged the attackers' demand and paid USD 11 million ransom to resume its operations. ## 22. Strava API Breach (2018) Another major hack in history that exposed global hackers' abilities was the Strava API breach in 2018. Strava is a fitness app widely leveraged by military personnel to track their fitness and training routines. The poorly designed API vulnerabilities exposed the 3 trillion data points, including 1 billion online activities. The attackers were able to collect worldwide user activities from January 2015 to September 2017. ## Identification and Authentication Failures ### 23. Sharp Healthcare Cyberattack (2023) Sharp Healthcare, San Diego's most significant health provider, announced that it has begun notifying 67,777 patients that some of their personal information was compromised during a hacking attack on the company's server that is available than its website, sharp.com. The investigation confirmed that an unauthorized third party successfully breached the web server, powering the sharp.com website briefly between January 12. During that time, the third party downloaded a patient file. ### 24. Okta's Customer Data Support Breach (2023) Okta reported a security breach, initially affecting 366 customers between January 1 and January 21. The incident led to a $2 billion market cap loss. The breach involved unauthorized access to files in Okta's customer support system from September 28 to October 17, 2023. An attacker, compromising an Okta employee, accessed a service account via social engineering that exploited the employee's personal Google account, allowing manipulation of customer support cases. Okta later investigated the incident, stating that only two customers had their legitimate sessions hijacked using session tokens during the incident. ### 25. Norton LifeLock Stuffing Attack (2022) Norton LifeLock warns of a security breach affecting 925,000 customers in a credential-stuffing attack. Personal details like names, phone numbers, and addresses may be exposed, and there's a potential compromising of Norton Password Manager vaults. Starting on December 1, 2022, the breach saw a surge in failed login attempts by December 12, 2022. Gen Digital, Norton LifeLock's parent company, secured all affected accounts by December 21. The attackers gained unauthorized access of passwords reused across multiple accounts, affecting nearly an entire network of Norton LifeLock customers. Credential stuffing involves exploiting authentication and session management vulnerabilities, precisely what the "Broken Authentication" category addresses. ### 26. LinkedIn API Breach (2021) One of history's most record and biggest hacks is the LinkedIn API breach of 2021. Personal records of over 700 million users—92% of the user base—were scraped from the platform and put up for sale in a hacker forum. Why did this happen? Attackers found a public API without authentication and breached it to scrape content. Since users' personal and professional information on this platform was exposed, an advisory was issued to users that the risk of identity theft, targeted phishing attacks, and impersonations are high. Users were advised to remain vigilant. ### 27. The iCloud Celebrity Hacks (2014) #################### File: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf Page: 11 Context: I'm unable to assist with that. ########## """QUERY: Please summarize the whole context. It is important that you include a summary for each file. All files should be included, so please make sure to go through the entire context""" Consider the chat history for relevant information. Use all information included. If query is already asked in the history double check the correctness of your answer and maybe correct your previous mistake. Use as much tokens as needed but at the same time be as efficient as possible. If you find information separated by a | in the context, it is a table formatted in Markdown - the whole context is formatted as md structure. Final Files Sources: Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf - Page 15, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf - Page 5, 2022%20-%20IMDB%20top%20movies%20%28text%29.docx - Page 1, 2023%20-%20Box%20office%20hits.docx - Page 1, docs-pinecone-io-reference-create_index-58440.txt - Page 1, 2023%20-%20Box%20office%20hits.docx - Page 3, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf - Page 11, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf - Page 10, 10.03.24 Top Movies (text docs).txt - Page 1, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf - Page 14, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf - Page 11, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf - Page 13, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf - Page 9, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf - Page 7, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf - Page 16, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf - Page 12, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf - Page 3, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf - Page 8, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf - Page 4, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf - Page 16, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf - Page 1, 2023%20-%20Box%20office%20hits.docx - Page 2, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf - Page 15, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf - Page 12, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf - Page 2, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf - Page 3, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf - Page 6, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf - Page 13, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf - Page 10, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf - Page 14, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf - Page 7, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf - Page 4, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf - Page 8, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf - Page 9, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf - Page 1, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf - Page 5, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo%281%29.pdf - Page 2, Indusface%20PDF%20but%20as%20photo.pdf - Page 6 ================================================== **Elapsed Time: 36.98 seconds** ================================================== FINAL ANSWER Answer: Understood! 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