Bright white, yellow or brownish? Where does tooth colour or discolouration come from?
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Our tooth colour is genetically determined. The shape and position of the teeth also influence perception; large teeth and a harmonious tooth position appear "whiter". The colour impression is created by light reflection, partly on the outer surface of the whitish translucent (transparent) enamel, partly inside the tooth at the transition to the yellowish dentin
. The enamel is thicker in the area of the incisal edge than at the tooth neck and is therefore whiter, but also more transparent. At the neck of the tooth and the transition to the gums, many teeth appear somewhat "yellower" due to the dentin shining through.
As we age, the enamel becomes continuously thinner and the teeth consequently yellower. In addition, discolouration on the teeth due to plaque, food residues, lifestyle habits (coffee, tea plaque), tea residues (smoking), etc.
Furthermore, mineral disorders occurring during the formation of tooth enamel, fluoride overdoses (e.g. dental fluorosis) or deposits, e.g. as a side effect of medication (e.g. antibiotics such as tetracyclines), can
lead to whitish, yellow or brown colour stains
. fluorosis) or deposits, e.g. as side effects of medication (e.g. antibiotics such as tetracyclines), can lead to whitish, yellowish or brownish colour stains, which can often also be associated with structural anomalies such as grooves or stippling (e.g. molar incisor hypomineralisation). Such colour deposits can also be found in the dentin. Furthermore, leaking fillings or crowns, for example, can cause cracks in the teeth, which can promote the penetration of unsightly (yellow or brown) colouring into the outer tooth structures.
Traumatic haemorrhages, e.g. after an accident (at least temporary blue discolouration of the teeth) or brown-black dyes from dead pulp (dental nerve) tissue (see above) or by release from root canal filling materials can lead to translucent brown-black tooth discolouration from the inside of the tooth (the former pulp cavity).
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Home bleachingSince
the Cosmetics Ordinance was amended in 2012, toothpastes for home use may only contain hydrogen peroxide up to a maximum concentration of 0.1%. Its bleaching effect is therefore limited to insignificant effects. What remains is a certain acidic effect and, with regular use, a roughening of the tooth surface (increased build-up of colour deposits).
bleaching agents from the trade are also low in concentration and therefore limited in their effect. Depending on the application, e.g. in the form of strips or sticks, unsightly stains may also appear on the teeth.
Sustainable bleaching results can only be achieved by a dentist. The dentist begins the bleaching therapy with a professional tooth cleaning and the treatment of carious lesions or leaking fillings, etc.
Only the dentist can assess findings such as exposed tooth necks and thin gums and then select the correct (responsible) bleaching technique.
In the event of side effects such as sensitivity or gum inflammation, the bleaching therapy is (temporarily) suspended.
Expert tip
Repeated bleaching in particular can lead to damage and pore formation on the tooth surface or roughen it. Colouring foods and stimulants such as coffee, tea or nicotine stains often adhere to the tooth surface.