Our tooth colour is genetically determined. The shape and position of the teeth also influence perception; large teeth and a harmonious tooth position appear "whiter". The colour impression is created by light reflection, partly on the outer surface of the whitish translucent (transparent) enamel, partly inside the tooth at the transition to the yellowish dentin
. The enamel is thicker in the area of the incisal edge than at the tooth neck and is therefore whiter, but also more transparent. At the neck of the tooth and the transition to the gums, many teeth appear somewhat "yellower" due to the dentin shining through.
As we age, the enamel becomes continuously thinner and the teeth consequently yellower. In addition, discolouration on the teeth due to plaque, food residues, lifestyle habits (coffee, tea plaque), tea residues (smoking), etc.
Furthermore, mineral disorders occurring during the formation of tooth enamel, fluoride overdoses (e.g. dental fluorosis) or deposits, e.g. as a side effect of medication (e.g. antibiotics such as tetracyclines), can
lead to whitish, yellow or brown colour stains. fluorosis) or deposits, e.g. as side effects of medication (e.g. antibiotics such as tetracyclines), can lead to whitish, yellowish or brownish colour stains, which can often also be associated with structural anomalies such as grooves or stippling (e.g. molar incisor hypomineralisation). Such colour deposits can also be found in the dentin. Furthermore, leaking fillings or crowns, for example, can cause cracks in the teeth, which can promote the penetration of unsightly (yellow or brown) colouring into the outer tooth structures.
Traumatic haemorrhages, e.g. after an accident (at least temporary blue discolouration of the teeth) or brown-black dyes from dead pulp (dental nerve) tissue (see above) or by release from root canal filling materials can lead to translucent brown-black tooth discolouration from the inside of the tooth (the former pulp cavity).
#################### File: www-apacare-com-expert-tips-tips-for-white-teeth-and-whitening-65232-2214.txt Page: 1 Context:In traditional bleaching, the tooth surfaces are treated with oxygen-releasing bleaching agents such as hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide in various formulations. Their effect can be enhanced by laser light, blue light or heat.
The bleaching agents penetrate the tooth enamel and loosen its mineral structure, causing pores and structural changes. The light is reflected closer to the tooth surface, which makes the teeth appear brighter and (opaque) whiter.
In addition, colour substrates stored in the enamel are oxidised and lightened. The structural changes that cause the whitening effect gradually disappear due to remineralisation effects from the saliva and toothpaste. A bleaching result is rarely stable for years.
Expert tip
In young teeth, the enamel is generally thicker than in older teeth. The enamel is particularly thin on tooth necks and sometimes on canines. The whitening effect is therefore more pronounced in adolescents and some tooth necks or canines can hardly be whitened. Fillings and dentures cannot be whitened either.
Unsightly tooth discolouration and gum inflammation must be regularly prevented. This is best achieved through regular dental care twice a day with an electric toothbrush and suitable fluoride toothpaste (ApaCare toothpaste with liquid enamel - see ApaCare dental health guide). However, many coloured plaque deposits still build up. From the age of 12, these can be gently removed at home with a toothbrush once or twice a week using a polishing paste instead of toothpaste (ApaCare Polish).
In addition to check-ups, the dentist should carry out professional teeth cleaning at regular intervals or have it carried out by dental assistants. The best way to do this is with professional polishing systems and powder blasting techniques using polishing powders with synthetic enamel (e.g. ApaPearls).
Another way to whiten teeth is to compact the tooth surface, enrich it with minerals and smooth it. The structural damage described with conventional bleaching does not occur; on the contrary, the surface of the teeth is thickened and the whitening result lasts longer. However, the effect takes longer to appear and is less intense.
This is achieved by regularly applying tooth repair pastes (ApaCare Repair tooth repair paste) daily (overnight) using a dental tray (ApaCare Repair dental tray). The superficial light reflections on the condensed tooth surface lead to more lustre and natural brightness. Dental plaque can also adhere less, which also supports the effects.
Everything you need is included in the ApaCare tooth whitening kit.
the Cosmetics Ordinance was amended in 2012, toothpastes for home use may only contain hydrogen peroxide up to a maximum concentration of 0.1%. Its bleaching effect is therefore limited to insignificant effects. What remains is a certain acidic effect and, with regular use, a roughening of the tooth surface (increased build-up of colour deposits).
bleaching agents from the trade are also low in concentration and therefore limited in their effect. Depending on the application, e.g. in the form of strips or sticks, unsightly stains may also appear on the teeth.
Sustainable bleaching results can only be achieved by a dentist. The dentist begins the bleaching therapy with a professional tooth cleaning and the treatment of carious lesions or leaking fillings, etc.
Only the dentist can assess findings such as exposed tooth necks and thin gums and then select the correct (responsible) bleaching technique.
In the event of side effects such as sensitivity or gum inflammation, the bleaching therapy is (temporarily) suspended.
Expert tip
Repeated bleaching in particular can lead to damage and pore formation on the tooth surface or roughen it. Colouring foods and stimulants such as coffee, tea or nicotine stains often adhere to the tooth surface.
Internal tooth discolouration can indeed occur, for example, due to the death of nerve tissue (pulp) inside the tooth or reactions from (root canal) filling materials. Some of these are also congenital, caused by side effects of medication or accompanying symptoms of malformations.
The usually dark, blackish-grey discolouration of decayed pulp tissue can often be bleached very successfully from the inside out. The dentist first checks the root canal filling, which often needs to be replaced before internal bleaching. A permanent bleaching agent is then placed inside the tooth over a period of several days to a week and the tooth is sealed. This so-called walking bleaching technique involves a continuous release of oxygen from the bleaching agent over many hours, which penetrates the pores of the tooth from the inside and can break down and oxidise the colouring agents. Once the bleaching agent has been removed, the tooth is sealed tightly and the bleaching is therefore stable for a very long time in most cases.
Our tooth colour is genetically determined and is primarily determined by the dentin inside the tooth. Light reflection effects on the tooth surface and the individual light transparency of the whitish enamel allow the yellowish dentin to show through more or less, depending on the thickness of the enamel. The enamel is thinner at the neck of the tooth and therefore the teeth appear more yellow there. With advancing age, the thickness of the enamel layer enamel decreases with age, which also leads to a more intense yellowish tooth colour.
During bleaching, the enamel prisms are roughened and the tooth surface becomes porous. Less light reaches the inside of the tooth of the tooth and the tooth appears duller and whiter. Over time, these changes heal again through remineralisation from the saliva, which is why bleaching effects only last for a period of a few weeks to a few months.
This is not the case when using tooth repair pastes such as ApaCare Repair Intensive Repair: The enamel surface is permanently smoothened and permanently thickened by depositing highly concentrated liquid enamel from the repair paste (see ApaCare Guide to white teeth and bleaching).
This also changes the reflective behaviour of the enamel towards naturally white and brighter teeth. And this is permanent.
Expert tip
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If you don't brush your teeth regularly and carefully, you run the risk of plaque, discolouration or tartar. Other common causes of tooth discolouration, which is usually dark, are the regular consumption of colour-intensive foods and stimulants, such as nicotine, coffee, tea, red wine, etc.
Medication or mouth rinses, e.g. based on chlorhexidine, can also lead to tooth discolouration if taken or used regularly. lead to tooth discolouration. This can be prevented and often removed, especially in the early stages, with a tooth polishing paste such as ApaCare Polish.
ApaCare Polish tooth polish is used 1-2 times a week instead of the usual toothpaste and thus supplements it. This allows you to continue professional teeth cleaning at home.
Older plaque must be removed by the dentist by means of professional teeth cleaning.
Expert tip
Polishing pastes such as ApaCare Polish complement the use of daily toothpaste and are the dentist's extended arm into the home bathroom after professional tooth cleaning. Polish your teeth 1-2 times a week.
chalk teeth are the result of impaired enamel formation during tooth development. Both milk teeth and permanent teeth can be affected, in some children and adolescents even both dentitions.
One particular form of this irreversible enamel formation disorder is so-called molar incisor hypomineralisation, or MIH for short, which affects the first molars (molars) and the central front teeth. The upper jaw is statistically more frequently affected than the lower jaw. The changes are usually recognised when the teeth erupt, usually from the age of 6 in the case of permanent teeth.
There are different degrees of severity. 90% of all MIH cases show whitish-creamy to yellowish-brownish, opaque discolouration, but with a largely intact structure and unchanged tooth shape. More severe forms are characterised by structural defects (mostly pores) and even slight changes in the shape of the tooth. In rare, very severe cases, there are yellowish-brownish, very pronounced morphological changes in shape and structural collapses.
Tooth discolouration and enamel malformations often have different causes and are not always due to chalky teeth. In any case, an early examination and clarification should be carried out by a dentist. Especially if the teeth are persistently sensitive or painful. Only the dentist can differentiate which disorder is present and which treatment is most promising.
For regular, thorough daily tooth cleaning, preferably with sensitive electric toothbrushes (ApaCare Sonic), it is essential to use fluoride toothpastes, ideally in combination with liquid enamel, such as ApaCare toothpaste. Liquid enamel is the stuff that teeth are made of, the very thing that is missing in chalky teeth.
Often similar in appearance, but fundamentally different from signs of wear and tear, are "developmental dental malformations". The frequency of these appears to be increasing, with the main causes being discussed being genetic malformations and anomalies, early childhood infections, antibiotics, side effects of medication, trauma or environmental influences. In many cases, the anterior teeth and the first molars (molars) in the posterior region are affected (see ApaCare guide chalk teeth enamel formation disorders hypomineralisation).
Expert tip
Those affected should seek professional advice from a dentist as soon as possible. Particular caution is required when using fluoride tablets or fluoride combination preparations in infants (first year of life) in order to avoid fluoride overdoses in conjunction with modern fluoride-containing children's toothpastes (risk of dental fluorosis: whitish, rarely brownish enamel stains).